海岸带城市土地利用变化分析—以江苏盐城市为例

土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）是全球变化和区域可持续发展研究的核心问题。海岸带是陆地海洋相互作用和人类活动最敏感的区域，海岸带LUCC的研究对适应环境和自然的挑战具有重要意义。本文以江苏沿海具有代表性的盐城市作为研究区，选取1978-2007年5期Landsat MSS/TM影像作为数据源，在参考国内外遥感分类系统的基础上，结合研究区实际，建立遥感分类系统，使用主成分分析（PCA）遥感分类方法和分类后比较变化检测方法，并在GIS分析技术支持下获取盐城市近30年的土地利用变化数据，分析其结构、数量、速率及格局变化。结果表明：（1）从土地利用结构上看，研究时段内盐城市土地利用变化较大，但利用结构相对稳定；土地利用类型以耕地为主，但近几年城市建设用地大量增加，比重不断攀升；（2）从土地利用变化数量、速率上看，不同时期土地利用类型变化剧烈，一级地类数量增长最大的是建设用地，其中城镇建设用地由1978年的167.01 km2扩张至2007年的725.19 km2，增长至原来的4.34倍，城镇建设用地变化速率在2004-2007年高达15%以上；（3）从空间格局变化看，盐城市中心城区特别是开发区和新辟为市区的盐都区发展速度最快，而滨海港、大丰港的建设和周边国有盐场的改制也显著促进了沿海地区的发展。

Land Use Change Analysis of Coastal City:A Case Study of Yancheng

Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC) is a core issue of global change and regional sustainable development research. Coastal zone is the land-ocean interaction area, which is much more sensitive to human activities. The exploration of coastal LUCC is significant to meet the challenges of the environment and nature. Yancheng, a typical research area in Jiangsu coastal areas, is selected to characterize coastal land-use and land-cover changes with five series of Landsat MSS/TM imagery from 1978 to 2007. The classification schema is newly-developed based on the existing schemas as well as the geographical background of Jiangsu coastal areas, and PCA classification and post-classification comparison are used to perform image classification. With the series of land use/cover change results, the land use structure, land use change quantity, land use change rate and spatial change pattern are analyzed and calculated based on GIS. The results show that:(1) The change of land use was significant during the study period, the land use structure of Yancheng was relatively stable; cultivated land was the main agricultural land use type, but urban construction land had a sharp increase on land use amount and land use proportion in recent years; (2)The land use change quantity and change rate were very significant in different periods. The change of construction land was the most significant, and the urban construction land increased 3.34 times, i.e. from 167.01 km2 in 1978 to 725.19 km2 in 2007, and at the same time the land use change rate reached 15% from 2004 to 2007. (3) From the perspective of spatial change pattern, the central urban districts of Yancheng, especially the Economic Development Zones and newly-incorporated Yandu District, had a rapid urban expansion; simultaneously some newly-developed coastal ports such as Binhai Port, Dafeng Port and coastal towns nearby also had a high-speed growth.