“两规”新旧土地利用分类体系比较

近年来“两规”衔接已成为一个重要的研究课题，“两规”新用地分类体系的先后发布给“两规”衔接带来了契机。运用比较分析方法研究了“两规”新、旧用地分类体系的相互关系，将“两规”用地分类体系的关系演变划分为1997年以前相互独立发展、1997-2006年相互冲突和2006年以来相互衔接3个时期。“两规”旧用地分类体系的比较表明两者在分类重点、分类体系构成、建设用地分类方法和空间范围4个方面的矛盾和冲突最明显。“土规”新、旧用地分类体系的比较表明有4个方面的特征变化：①现状、规划两套分类体系由相互分离转变为相互衔接；②现状分类由三级体系变为二级体系；③在建设用地分类中突出考虑了行业因素；④增强了规划分类的弹性空间。“城规”新、旧用地分类体系的比较分析表明有2个方面的特征变化：①增加城乡用地分类体系；②修订城市建设用地分类体系。最后构建了“两规”新用地分类体系的对应关系。

Comparison Analysis of the Present and Past Land Use Classification Systems for Land Use Planning and Urban Planning

The relationship between land use planning and urban planning has become a hot topic in recent years. The publishment of the present land use classification systems in both kinds of planning has given an opportunity for their coordination. This paper gives a comparison analysis of the present and past land use classification systems for both of the planning. The conclusions are that the relationship evolution can be divided into three period: before 1997 the two systems were isolated; from 1997 to 2006 they were conflicting; and since 2006 they have been coordinated. The conflicts between the past two classification systems include those of land use focal points, classification system composition, classification method for development land, and spatial scope. The present classification system for land use planning shows four new points as compared to the past system: first, the planing system is coordinated with the current system; second, the current system is changed from three levels to two levels; third, classification method for development land gives more consideration to industrial sector characteristics; and fourth, it is much more flexible. The present classification system for urban planning shows two new points as compared to the past one: first, a classification system for urban and rural land is added; second, the classification system for urban development land is revised. At the end, this paper gives a table showing the relationship between the present land use classification systems of the two kinds of planning.