基于TOPSIS 法的中国地区交通运输设备制造业竞争力评价

根据2009―2011 年交通运输设备制造业的相关数据，从规模实力、市场盈利能力、营运能力、偿债能力、发展潜力及技术水平6 个层面构建中国交通运输设备制造业竞争力评价体系，运用主成分分析法、TOPSIS法与聚类分析法，对2010 年中国各省区交通运输设备制造业的竞争力进行了评价。研究结果表明，中国交通运输设备制造业竞争力在省区层面呈现出从东部到中西部由强变弱的分布态势，竞争力强的省区分布于东北的吉林省，华东的山东省、江苏省和上海市以及华南的广东省，中西部地区竞争力水平不高，且存在局部“塌陷”的地区，如江西省，各省区发展极度不平衡。据此有针对性地对各省区交通运输设备制造业发展提出相关建议：1）针对各省不同的发展阶段，因地制宜地促进交通运输设备制造业发展；2）加强各省区的分工与合作，实现优势互补；3）建立长期的帮扶机制；4）加大资金投入，减少融资的难度；5）培育自主创新能力。

Competitiveness Appraising of Transportation Equipment Manufacturing in China Based on Topsis Method

With the industry's competitiveness evaluation index system of transportation equipment manufacturing,by using principal component analysis, TOPSIS method and cluster analysis, the paper evaluates the degrees ofthe transportation equipment manufacturing of China in 2010. The results indicate that the competitivenessdistribution was imbalance in China and the industry competitiveness weakened from east to west. Those havingstrong competitiveness included Jilin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Guangdong which are located inNortheast, East, and South China, respectively. In middle and west China the Competitiveness level was not highand there existed some "collapse" regions such as Jiangxi province in middle China. In order to promote thedevelopment of transportation equipment manufacturing in the country, some relevant suggestions are put forwardin this paper: 1) Develop the transportation equipment manufacturing according to different development stagesand local conditions for each province; 2) Strengthen the division of labor and cooperation among the provinces,in order to achieve complementary advantages; 3) Establish a long-term support mechanism; 4) Increase capitalinvestment and reduce the difficulty of financing; 5) Cultivate the capability of independent innovation.