热采锅炉结垢模拟及其成分、微形貌研究

为减少湿蒸汽热采锅炉结垢对油田生产造成的损失,设计了模拟湿蒸气发生器来模拟热采生产中的蒸汽产生过程,重点研究锅炉的结垢情况。对模拟油田产生蒸汽的模拟炉中水垢的粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针波谱成分分析(EP-MA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的研究表明,辐射段水垢主要由蒙脱石、针钠钙石和锥辉石组成,它们形成于相近的水热条件。水垢的XRD研究表明,蒙脱石和针钠钙石垢遍布整个水管,而锥辉石垢主要出现在水管尾部。形成锥辉石中的铁主要来源于水管的腐蚀,当水管表面形成一层水垢后,进水中的微量Fe成为另外一个重要来源。

A Simulation Experiment of Scaling in Stream Injection Generator and the Composition and Micro-Morphology of the Scales

In order to reduce the loss caused due to the scaling in the heat injection generators for the oil production in oilfield,a simulating wet steam generator was designed to simulate the process of wet stream generation for the purpose of studying the scaling in the generators.The XRD,EPMA,and SEM were employed to study the scale formed on the inner surface of pipes in generators through the simulating steam injection system.The results show that the scale distributed in the radiant heating pipes is mainly composed of montmorillonite,pectolite and acmite.These three minerals were formed under the similar hydrothermal condition.The XRD studies show that the scale of montmorillonite and pectolite is distributed throughout on the inner surfaces of whole pipes,but the scale of acmite is mainly distributed on the inner surfaces of the end of radiant heating pipes.It is believed that the Fe for forming acmite is mainly from the erosion of pipes with minor Fe from the trace Fe in water.