Middle atmosphere dynamics with gravity wave interactions in the numerical spectral model: Zonal-mean variations |
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| Authors: | HG Mayr JG Mengel KL Chan FT Huang |
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| Institution: | 1. Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres, Code 613.3, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;2. Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD, USA;3. University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;4. University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, VA, USA;2. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA;3. Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany;4. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA;1. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;2. Umweltforschungsstation Schneefernerhaus, Zugspitze, Germany;3. Universität Augsburg, Institut für Physik, Augsburg, Germany;4. Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA;5. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA;6. Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton, USA;1. National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil;2. Radar Space Sciences Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, 323 Electrical Engineering East, Pennsylvania, USA;3. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil;1. Leibniz-Institute for Atmospheric Physics, University of Rostock, Ostseebad Kühlungsborn, Schlossstraße 6, D-18225 Mecklenburg, Germany;2. Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany;1. Institute for Experimental Meteorology, Pobedy Street, 4, Obninsk, 249030, Russia;2. University of Leipzig, Institute for Meteorology, Stephanstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | It is generally accepted that small-scale gravity waves (GW) produce the observed reversals in the zonal circulation and temperature variations of the upper mesosphere (e.g., Lindzen, 1981). There is evidence that GW also play an important role in the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the lower stratosphere, which can be generated by planetary waves (Lindzen and Holton, 1968). In the present paper, we summarize the modeling studies with the mechanistic numerical spectral model (NSM), which incorporates the Doppler spread parameterization for GW (Hines, 1997a, Hines, 1997b). Our studies illuminate the importance of GW filtering and momentum deposition associated with critical level absorption and wave braking. Numerical results from the 2D and 3D versions of the NSM show how these wave interactions generate in the zonal-mean: (a) annual and semi-annual oscillations, (b) QBO with related semi-decadal oscillation and solar cycle effects, and (c) monthly intra-seasonal oscillations. |
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