海藻栽培——传统方式及其改造途径

目前所有的海藻栽培技术和方法都是以在对藻类个体和群体的了解为基础的,这就是传统海藻栽培业的基础和出发点.现代生命科学和生物技术的进展和进步已使陆地的农业和医学大为受益,但传统的海藻栽培业还很少应用这些最新的科技成果.实际上自从建立以来最基本的栽培技术没有发生大的变化,这是因为在相当长时期内海藻栽培在技术上比较保守,有许多有待解决的问题,其中最主要的有六个方面.新的栽培种类需要增加,新的技术需要发展和应用,存在的问题需要得到解决和改进.本文就传统海藻栽培业中当前存在的主要问题,可能的改造途径以及它未来的发展方向进行了讨论.

SEAWEED CULTIVATION--TRADITIONAL WAY AND ITS REFORMATION

Seaweed cultivation has been developed rather fast in recent years. The total production of cultivated seaweed at present is about 6350×10³ tons fresh weight. The total cultivation area is estimated as 200×10³ hectare. The annual total value of cultivated seaweeds has been placed at more than 3 billion US dollars. It provides many job opportunities for the coastal region people and is potentially important in the improvement of ocean environments and global change. All cultivation methods and techniques are based on or start from individual plants or the population of the seaweed cultivated. These are the bases of traditional way of cultivation. On land, modern biological science and biotechnology achievements have benefited agriculture a lot. But the traditional seaweed cultivation has not benefited much from these achievements. In fact, it has not changed much since its founding because seaweed cultivation has been quite conservative for a long period. It has accumulated many problems. Six main problems might be the most universal ones hold back the further development of the industry. New species need to be established, new techniques to be developed and problems to be solved. This paper mainly discusses the main problems of traditional seaweed cultivation at present and its possible further development and reformation in the future.