2005年江西晚稻飞虱大发生气象成因初步分析

介绍了江西省稻飞虱历年发生概况,以及2005年江西稻飞虱发生特点,并从2005年副高脊线位置与飞虱早迁、汛期降雨峰值与飞虱多迁、台风环流与飞虱秋季回迁、夏秋季温湿条件与飞虱生长繁殖的关系等方面,进行了稻飞虱大发生的气象成因分析,力图为今后建立稻飞虱发生发展气象预测模型,开展灾害监测与预报提供依据.分析结果表明,2005年江西省晚稻飞虱具有发生时间早、面积广、为害重等特点,为历史罕见大爆发;稻飞虱主要来源于外地迁入,有春季迁入及秋季回迁2种;副高脊线位置偏南,西南气流强盛,导致春季气候适宜,暖湿气流活跃,强降水多,有利春季稻飞虱早迁、多迁、大量迁,早稻发生后的残留虫量是晚稻飞虱大发生的虫源基础;7～10月台风频频影响江西,特别是后期台风的影响,加速了秋季稻飞虱随东北气流的回迁,为晚稻飞虱大爆发起到促进作用;盛夏不热且秋季不凉的气象条件,有利于当地稻飞虱的生长繁殖,导致飞虱代数多.

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL CAUSATIONS ON OUTBREAK OF JIANGXI LATE RICE PLANTHOPPER IN 2005

Rice planthopper's occurrence survey in the past years and the occurrence characteristics in 2005 in Jiangxi are introduced.And the meteorological causations are analyzed form the relations between the position of subtropical anticyclone ridgeline and planthopper's early immigration,the precipitation peak value in flood season and planthopper's frequent migration,typhoon circumfluence and planthopper's back migration,temperature and humidity condition in summer and autumn and planthopper's growing and breeding,trying to build meteorological model of planthopper's occurrence and development.The results show that the outbreak of late rice planthopper in 2005 is hardly met the history survey,with the characteristics such as early occurrence time,broad area and serious hurt.There are two main sources of rice planthopper including spring's immigration and autumn's back migration.The south subtropical anticyclone ridgeline and stronger southwest current make a favorable environment for rice planthopper's early,frequently and vastly migration in spring.And the remains of early rice plangthopper give important insect source to late rice.The typhoons which affect Jiangxi Province from July to October,especially the late typhoons,accelerate the back migration with northeast current in autumn.There are also favorable conditions of lower temperature in midsummer and higher temperature in autumn to increase the generation of rice planthopper.