Logic-tree Approach for Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis and its Applications to the Japanese Coasts |
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Authors: | Tadashi Annaka Kenji Satake Tsutomu Sakakiyama Ken Yanagisawa Nobuo Shuto |
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Affiliation: | (1) Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd, 3-3, Higashi-ueno 3-chome, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0015, Japan;(2) Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Site 7, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan;(3) Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646, Abiko, Abiko 270-1166, Japan;(4) Tokyo Electric Power Company, 1-3, Uchisaiwai-cho 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8560, Japan;(5) Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University, 12-5, Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8251, Japan |
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Abstract: | For Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA), we propose a logic-tree approach to construct tsunami hazard curves (relationship between tsunami height and probability of exceedance) and present some examples for Japan for the purpose of quantitative assessments of tsunami risk for important coastal facilities. A hazard curve is obtained by integration over the aleatory uncertainties, and numerous hazard curves are obtained for different branches of logic-tree representing epistemic uncertainty. A PTHA consists of a tsunami source model and coastal tsunami height estimation. We developed the logic-tree models for local tsunami sources around Japan and for distant tsunami sources along the South American subduction zones. Logic-trees were made for tsunami source zones, size and frequency of tsunamigenic earthquakes, fault models, and standard error of estimated tsunami heights. Numerical simulation rather than empirical relation was used for estimating the median tsunami heights. Weights of discrete branches that represent alternative hypotheses and interpretations were determined by the questionnaire survey for tsunami and earthquake experts, whereas those representing the error of estimated value were determined on the basis of historical data. Examples of tsunami hazard curves were illustrated for the coastal sites, and uncertainty in the tsunami hazard was displayed by 5-, 16-, 50-, 84- and 95-percentile and mean hazard curves. |
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Keywords: | Logic-tree approach probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis tsunami hazard curve epistemic uncertainty aleatory uncertainty |
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