青海省气象灾害的若干气候特征分析

利用1984-2007年气象灾害资料, 分析了青海省各类气象灾害的发生机率及时空分布特征.冰雹、 暴雨洪涝、 雪灾、 干旱和雷电及霜冻是青海省主要气象灾害, 连阴雨、 大风、 沙尘暴、 冻害、 渍涝、 高温、 龙卷风、 大雾为青海次要气象灾害.在地域分布上, 海南州和海东地区是青海气象灾害多发和危害严重地区; 玉树州和果洛州属于气象灾害发生较少和危害较轻地区.就行政县域而言, 西宁市湟中县、 海南州兴海县、 贵德县为青海气象灾害多发县, 果洛州班玛县、 久治县、 玉树州治多县则是青海省气象灾害较少和危害较轻县份.年内5-6月出现的气象灾害种类最多, 4-9月份是气象灾害高发期.在1984-2007年间, 暴雨洪涝、 冰雹、 雷电灾害发生次数呈增多趋势, 其他灾害发生次数增多趋势不甚明显.

An Analysis of Climate Characteristics of Meteorological Disasters in Qinghai Province

Based on the meteorological disaster data from 1984 to 2007, the probability of various meteorological disasters in Qinghai Province and their temporal and spatial distributions are analyzed. In the province, the main disasters are hail, flood, snow disaster, drought, thunder and frost, followed by rain, wind, frost, dust storms, tornado, waterlogging, high temperature, heavy fog. Spatially, Hainan and Haidong Prefectures are damaged by meteorological disasters frequently, with serious harm; Yushu and Golog Prefectures are less damaged and loss. Among them, Huangzhong County, Hainan County and Guide County are damaged by meteorological disasters most frequently; Baima County, Jigzhi County and Yushu County are damaged rather slight. Temporally, May and June have infinite variety of meteorological disasters, and from April to September is a peak period of meteorological disasters. It is found that flood, hail, thunder and lightning disasters are increasing, but other disasters are increasing not so obviously.