矿产资源国家安全、国际争夺与国家战略之思考

在当前深刻变革和复杂调整的国际政治与经济形势下,大国博弈的核心是争夺地球资源及其控制权。国际政治经济格局的变动导致全球资源配置和经济全球化进程发生巨大变化以及不可预计的风险。美国总统特朗普2017年底签署了《关于确保关键矿产安全和可靠供应的联邦战略》(13817号)总统行政命令,2019年发布以资源争夺为核心内容的战略行动方案,欲确保美国对全球矿产资源的控制权。中国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,和发达国家相比仍有一定差距,对矿产资源的需求居高不下,显示了小(人均矿产占有量小)、大(需求和消费量大)、高(对外依存度和安全风险相对较高)和降(国内资源供应能力和资源保障均有所下降)的特点。当前中国多种大宗矿产资源现有探明储量面临开发殆尽的局面,新兴关键矿产家底不够清,开采和选冶技术需要提高,综合利用和绿色矿山的理念与制度需要加强完善,国家有关矿产政策需要进一步调整。基于此,本文将对矿产资源的国家安全、国际资源争夺进行简要分析,提出对中国的矿产资源战略的思考和建议。

Thinking to State Security,International Competition and National Strategy of Mineral Resources

Under the current international political and economic situation of profound changes and complex adjustment,the core of great power game is to fight for the resources and their control.Changes of the international political and economic landscape lead to great changes and unpredictable risks in global resources allocation and economic globalization.Donald Trump signed an executive order on a Federal Strategy to Ensure the Safety and Reliable Supply of Critical Minerals in late 2017,and released a strategic action plan focusing on resource competition in 2019,to ensure American control over the global mineral resources.China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so far a long time to come,and the gap between China and developed countries is still large.China s demand to mineral resources remains high,showing the characteristics of low(mineral possession per capita),large(demand and consumption),high(external dependence and security risks)and decline(domestic supply capacity and resource guarantee).At present,many kinds of large mineral resources in China are facing a situation of being used up.The metallogenic regularity,distribution,reserve and prospecting potential of emerging critical mineral resources are still unclear.Mining and metallurgy technologies need to be improved.The concept and system of comprehensive utilization and green mines need to be strengthened and improved.The relevant state mineral policies need to be adjusted.Based on above issues,the safety of mineral resources and the international resource competition were briefly analyzed,and the thinking and suggestion to China s mineral strategy were put forward.