A new lower Cambrian shelly fossil biostratigraphy for South Australia |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia;2. Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia;3. School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia;4. Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;5. Palaeoecosystems Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;1. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, C/Manuel Lasala, 44, 9B, Zaragoza 50006, Spain;2. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA;3. University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA;4. Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM), c/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain;5. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE - 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;2. Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;4. Department of Natural History (Palaeobiology Section), Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen''s Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S2C6, Canada;5. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada;6. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3B1, Canada;1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;3. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;4. Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;5. Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;6. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi''an 710069, China;7. Palaeoecosystems Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia;2. Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia;3. School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia;4. Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;5. Palaeoecosystems Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK |
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| Abstract: | Definition of early Cambrian chronostratigraphic boundaries is problematic with many subdivisions still awaiting ratification. Integrated multi-proxy data from well-resolved regional-scale schemes are ultimately the key to resolving broader issues of global correlation within the Cambrian. In Australia, early Cambrian biostratigraphy has been based predominantly on trilobites. Phosphatic shelly fauna have great potential as biostratigraphic tools, especially in pre-trilobitic strata because they are widespread and readily preserved, but they have remained underutilised. Here we demonstrate their value in a new biostratigraphic scheme for the early Cambrian of South Australia using a diverse shelly fauna including tommotiids, brachiopods, molluscs and bradoriids.Biostratigraphic data are derived from ten measured stratigraphic sections across the Arrowie Basin, targeting Hawker Group carbonates including the Wilkawillina, Wirrapowie and Ajax limestones and the Mernmerna Formation. The stratigraphic ranges of shelly fossils are predictable and repeatable across the Arrowie Basin, allowing three discrete shelly biozones to be identified, spanning Terreneuvian, Stage 2 to Series 2, Stages 3–4. The Kulparina rostrata Zone (new) and part of the overlying Micrina etheridgei Zone (new) are pre-trilobitic (predominantly Terreneuvian). The Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3 Dailyatia odyssei Zone (new) features a very diverse shelly fauna and will be described in detail in a separate publication. These zones provide robust means to correlate Terreneuvian–Series 2 successions in neighbouring coeval basins in Australia, particularly the Stansbury Basin. Wider correlation is possible throughout East Gondwana, and especially with South China. |
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