土地类型研究的意义、功能与学科发展方向

土地类型是综合自然地理学的基本研究对象,反映的是中小尺度地段分异规律和综合整体的环境特征。对土地类型研究的学术意义、功能和对未来学科发展方向进行界定,对促进土地类型学的发展和应用功能的发挥有重要作用。文章总结了土地类型研究的学术意义与功能,认为土地类型研究是自下而上论证综合自然区划、确立区域土地结构、进行生态研究和生态建设设计、进行农林牧合理用地布局和用地结构调整、灾害成因和防灾减灾研究的基础性学科;在分析国内外研究现状与问题的基础上,指出当前该学科存在的关键学术问题是土地类型划分的基本分级体系不确定,各级土地类型划分指标体系未建立,遥感与多元数据计算机制图与分类指标体系未实现技术连接;从学科发展方向着眼,当前应通过遥感、地理信息系统与野外考察相结合,通过典型区解剖方法,确立土地类型基本分级体系,建立各级类型划分指标,以及遥感与多元数据计算机制图与分类指标体系的技术连接,并对未来需要研究的课题作了展望。

Studies on land types: Academic significance, function and prospect

Land type, as a basic research object of integrated physical geography, reflects the law of small-scale differentiation and integrated features of the overall environment. It is important to define the direction of land type of academic significance, function and future development of academic disciplines for the development of typology of land and its application functions. Firstly, the paper summed up the academic significance and function of land type. Land type is a basic subject for the bottom-up integrated natural divisions, establishment of regional land-structure, ecological research and ecological building design, agriculture restructuring including forestry, animal husbandry, as well as disaster prevention and mitigation. Secondly, based on the current situation and problems of land types in domestic and foreign research, the paper discussed the key academic problems that we need to solve, including the basic land type classification hierarchy, indicator system at all levels, connection of remote sensing data with multi-indicator system with classification of computer graphics technology. Thirdly, the paper suggests that the following are important for the land type studies, i.e., the combination of remote sensing, computer and field studies, the establishment of the basic land type classification system and a type of indicators at all levels, as well as the classification of multivariate data index system based on case studies with the aid of remote sensing and computer mapping.