“黄河流域水资源演化规律与可再生性维持机理”研究进展

黄河是中国第二条大河,流域面积80万km2,它曾是中华民族文化的摇篮。当前在中国西部大开发中具有举足轻重的重要战略地位。但是黄河流域地处中国的半干旱与半湿润地带,流域的水资源量先天不足,流域内的人均水资源占有量很少,相当全国人均水资源占有量的1/3。由于气候的暖干变化与人类活动的影响,过去30年来,黄河下游与其主要支流频繁地发生了断流,这种发展的征兆不仅加剧了脆弱的水资源供应与需求的平衡,而且给流域上、中、下游原有生态系统与环境带来更大的冲击。黄河的治理终归是涉及国家稳定和国家安全的大事。因此,1999年科技部在“国家重点基础研究发展规划”中立项,启动了5年研究项目“黄河流域水资源演化规律与可再生性维持机理”。作者作为项目的首席科学家根据项目各课题已发表的近900篇论文与几十部专著等大量成果,简要概括了黄河水资源的基础性、技术性和应用性研究等三大方面的进展。

A Study of Evolutionary Laws and Maintaining Mechanism of Renewable Capacity of the Yellow River's Water Resources

The Yellow River is China's second largest river with a drainage area of about 800,000 km~(2) and it has been seen as a cradle of Chinese civilization.Now it serves as one of the main theatres for the on-going national campaign to develop the western hinterland of the country.The river basin lies mainly in the semi-arid and semi-humid climatic zones where water resources are congenitally deficient.Per capita water volume in the basin is less 1/3 than that of national average.Due to the impact of both warm-dry scenarios of climate and human activities,frequent dried-up of its lower reach main-courses and main tributaries have occurred in the last 30 years.The ominous development not only aggravates the fragile balance of water demand and water supply in the-basin,but also brings in more impacts on the native eco-system and the environment along the river's reaches.The river's harnessing used to be a state affair of vital importance for a national stability in terms of national security.Since 1999,the Ministry of Science and Technology of China has set up a five-year project in the National Development Program for Key Basic Science Research,as is called "973 Program".The author of this paper,as chief scientist of the project,summarized major research outcomes on the basis of about 800 papers and tens of monographs published recently.A stack of the research achievements from the project can be recapitulated by three kinds of the highlights,namely progresses in theory,technology and application to the Yellow river.