林木水力结构与抗旱性研究综述

干旱是主要的环境胁迫因子之一,对林木影响非常广泛和深刻。我国自20世纪80年代开始,对林木抗旱性及其机理进行了大量的研究,并且取得了一定的研究成果,然而到目前为止,仍然很难定量地证实树木的一些生理参数的一种或任何一种组合可以实质性地改善树木的耐旱行为。水力结构理论形成于20世纪70年代,引入我国仅仅10 a时间。它是指植物在特定的环境条件下,为适应生存竞争的需要所形成的不同的形态结构和水分运输供给策略。从树木水力结构理论的理论基础、主要参数、树木水力结构和木质部空穴与栓塞化的关系,以及关于水力结构的国内外研究现状进行了详细介绍,并且对树木的水力结构与抗旱性的关系进行了探讨,认为树木木质部的空穴与栓塞化在水分亏缺解除以后的恢复能力与树木的抗旱性密切相关,并针对我国的树木水力结构研究现状提出了一些建议。

Review of Research on Tree Hydraulic Architecture and Drought Resistance

Drought is one of the important environmental stress factors, exerting broad and profound impact on tree growth. In China, a lot of studies and research achievements about tree drought-resistance and the mechanism gradually stand out after 1970s. However it is still very difficult to quantificationally confirm that a or some of physiological parameters can virtually improve the drought resistance of tree. The Hydraulic Architecture Theory that was set up in 1970s is the strategies of plants' water transporting and structure forming for adapting to survival competition in the natural environment. It was only 10 years since it was introduced into China. This article introduced detailedly the theoretical basis, key parameters, and relation of tree hydraulic architecture and cavity with embolism, as well as the present study status at home and abroad. Besides, the relation between drought resistance and hydraulic architecture of trees has been discussed, and some suggestions have been presented for research on hydraulic architecture theory in our country.