近30年巴音布鲁克遗产地景观格局遥感监测与分析

本文以巴音布鲁克世界自然遗产地为研究对象,基于卫星遥感影像、气象站点观测信息、地面调查资料等多源数据,完成了1992年-2020年遗产地突出普遍价值OUVs (Outstanding Universal Values)关键要素空间制图,并从景观尺度分析OUVs关键要素及景观格局的时空变化特征,讨论影响其变化特征的主要驱...

Remote sensing monitoring and analysis of landscape pattern in Bayanbulak Heritage Site for nearly 30 years

The World Natural Heritage Sites has attracted worldwide focus because of their Outstanding Universal Values (OUVs). However, in recent years, fragile ecological environments have destroyed the structural and functional integrity of the ecological system of the heritage sites, seriously threatening the OUVS of the World Natural Heritage Sites. In this paper, on the basis of satellite remote sensing image, meteorological observation data, and ground survey data, taking Bayanbulak world natural heritage as a study case, we mapped the spatial key elements of OUVs in Bayanbulak heritage from 1992 to 2020. Combined with a dynamic degree and landscape pattern index, the temporal and spatial change characteristics of OUVs key elements and their landscape pattern were analyzed, and the main natural and human factors influencing their spatial distribution and change characteristics were discussed. Results show that a landscape characteristic of gradual transition of water-marsh-high coverage grassland-moderate coverage grassland/beach land/sandy land-low coverage grassland/farmland-barren/construction land was presented from the center of the heritage protection area to the edge. Moreover, the main representative elements were marsh and moderate coverage grassland, which accounted for 29.51% and 29.75% of the study area, respectively. Concerning the landscape pattern, it shows scattered and complicated development characteristics. PD and LSI increased from 2.05 and 43.01 in 1992 to 2.37 and 52.02 in 2020. The contagion index has also been reduced from 58.44% to 56.54%. The average precipitation was the key factor influencing the area of water and marsh, and their r values are 0.884 and -0.929, respectively. The area of low coverage grassland was most affected by the average relative humidity, with r value of -0.931. These indicate that natural factors were the main reasons for the area change of alpine wetland and alpine grassland in Bayanbulak. Population density, soil type, and elevation were the main factors driving the spatial distribution of OUVs key elements in Bayanbulak Heritage Site, and the maximum q value in Geodetector was 0.45. The interaction effect between any two factors was greater than that of individual factor, and the maximum detector power of 47.8% was in the combination of population density and soil type. However, the detector powers of factors on the dynamic degree of OUVs key elements in Bayanbuk site were not high (the maximum q value was only 0.106). The study of landscape pattern variation and its driving factors in natural heritage sites are highly significant for heritage protection, ecological restoration, and sustainable development.