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Small satellites for global coverage: Potential and limits
Authors:Rainer Sandau  Klaus Brieß  Marco D&#x;Errico
Institution:a German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstr. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;b Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Technical University of Berlin, Marchstr. 12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany;c Seconda Università di Napoli, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale e Meccanica, Via Roma 29, I-81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
Abstract:There is an increasing need for Earth Observation (EO) missions to meet the information requirements in connection with Global Change Studies. Small and cost-effective missions are powerful tools to flexibly react to information requirements with space-borne solutions. Small satellite missions can be conducted relatively quickly and inexpensively by using commercial off-the-shelf-technologies, or they can be enhanced by using advanced technologies. A new class of advanced small satellites, including autonomously operating “intelligent” satellites may be created, opening new fields of application. The increasing number of small satellites and their applications drive developments in the fields of small launchers, small ground station networks, cost-effective data distribution methods, and cost-effective management and quality assurance procedures. There are many advantages of small satellite missions, like more frequent mission opportunities, a faster return of data, larger variety of missions, more rapid expansion of the technical and/or scientific knowledge base, greater involvement of small industry, feasibility by universities and others.This paper deals with general trends in the field of small satellite missions for Earth observation. Special attention is given to the potential of spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of small satellite based systems. Examples show small satellites offer also the unique possibility to install affordable constellations to provide good daily coverage of the globe and/or allow us to observe dynamic phenomena.The facts and examples given in this paper lead to the conclusion: Small satellites are already powerful tools for monitoring global, regional and local phenomena. In the future, their application spectrum will even broaden based on the ongoing development in many areas of technology and observation techniques.
Keywords:Small satellites  Earth observation  Space mission
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