Changes in soil quality indicators under long-term sewage irrigation in a sub-tropical environment |
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Authors: | Reginald Ebhin Masto Pramod K Chhonkar Dhyan Singh and Ashok K Patra |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India;(2) Present address: Environmental Management Division, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Digwadih Campus (Erstwhile Central Fuel Research Institute), Dhanbad, 828 108, Jharkhand, India |
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Abstract: | Though irrigation with sewage water has potential benefits of meeting the water requirements, the sewage irrigation may mess
up to harm the soil health. To assess the potential impacts of long-term sewage irrigation on soil health and to identify
sensitive soil indicators, soil samples were collected from crop fields that have been irrigated with sewage water for more
than 20 years. An adjacent rain-fed Leucaena leucocephala plantation system was used as a reference to compare the impact of sewage irrigation on soil qualities. Soils were analyzed
for different physical, chemical, biological and biochemical parameters. Results have shown that use of sewage for irrigation
improved the clay content to 18–22.7%, organic carbon to 0.51–0.86% and fertility status of soils. Build up in total N was
up to 2,713 kg ha−1, available N (397 kg ha−1), available P (128 kg ha−1), available K (524 kg ha−1) and available S (65.5 kg ha−1) in the surface (0.15 m) soil. Long-term sewage irrigation has also resulted a significant build-up of DTPA extractable Zn
(314%), Cu (102%), Fe (715%), Mn (197.2), Cd (203%), Ni (1358%) and Pb (15.2%) when compared with the adjacent rain-fed reference
soil. Soils irrigated with sewage exhibited a significant decrease in microbial biomass carbon (−78.2%), soil respiration
(−82.3%), phosphatase activity (−59.12%) and dehydrogenase activity (−59.4%). An attempt was also made to identify the sensitive
soil indicators under sewage irrigation, where microbial biomass carbon was singled out as the most sensitive indicator. |
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Keywords: | Sewage water Irrigation Heavy metals Soil enzymes Microbial biomass carbon Soil quality indicators |
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