新生代板内造山作用研究--认识中国区域地质构造基本特征的关键

中国区域地质构造特征深受新生代初印度板块对欧亚板块陆陆碰撞的影响 ,原属显生宙不同时代构造单元拼贴的中国区域发生了普遍而强烈的构造叠加改造 ,导致板内造山作用。由作者新编的中国主要活动断裂构造图显示 ,印度板块的碰撞对中国地质构造演化的影响远比自中生代侏罗纪以来太平洋亚洲板块会聚造成的影响更为强烈。中国帕米尔山结东、西两侧的现今大陆动力环境差别巨大 ,其东侧的东移因遇太平洋板块向西俯冲而获得上冲的自由空间。阿尔金断裂带把中国西部分划为南、北断裂构造活动性质不同的两大构造域。有人否认板内造山作用是因为他们只承认经典的板块边缘造山带的存在。要改变这一观念深入研究板内造山作用及演化 ,综合分析造山带构造地貌、山体隆升扩展、与前陆盆地的耦合、陆相沉积建造序列、冲断推覆构造系及其匹配、壳源花岗岩侵位及深部地球物理场观测等是关键。中国是研究大陆拼贴地块区板内造山作用的理想区域 ,在这一地区从事研究可大大丰富大陆动力学的内涵 ,把地质构造综合成果及对演化规律的认识作为编制大地构造图新的重要要素 ,对理论研究与实际应用都有巨大意义

On the basic features of the regional geological tectonics of China--The key to understanding of the Cenozoic intraplate orogeny

The regional geologic-tectonical characteristics of China were deeply effected by the India-Eurasian continental-continental plate collision in the Cenozoic. In China region the pre-existed Phanerozoic collage of tectonic elements in different ages had widely and strongly undergone tectonic superimposition and reconstruction, and thus caused the intraplate orogeny. The tectonic map of the major active faults of China and its environs in the Cenozoic, compiled recently by the present author, shows that the influence of the Indian plate collision on the evolution of tectonic structures of China is far more intensive than that of the Mesozoic Pacific-Asian plate convergence since the Jurassic. The continental dynamic environments on the east and west sides of the Pamir Mountains syntaxis are quite different; the eastward movement of the east side, facing the westward subduction of the Pacific plate, got the open space for up-thrusting. In addition, the Altun Tagh fracture zone clearly divides the west China into two tectonic domains, the south and the north, with different fracturing tectonic activities. Some geologists deny the existence of the intraplate orogeny because they only recognize the orogen at the plate boundary margins in classic plate tectonics. For better understanding the intraplate orogeny, we should pay much attention to the studies of the following subjects: the evolution of the intraplate orogeny; the synthetic analysis of the structural geomorphology; the expansion during the mountain uplifting; the coupled foreland basins; the sequence of the continental sedimentary formations; the tectonic system of the thrust nappes and their matches; the emplacement of the crustal-derived granites; the observation of the deep geophysical fields etc. China is a fascinating region for studying the intraplate orogeny in a region of continental collage of blocks. The studies will enrich the contents of the continental dynamics. Those understandings of the intraplate orogeny should be included in the principles of compilation of geotectonic maps in modern geosciences.