热液矿床金的赋存状态及研究方法

综述了热液矿床金的赋存状态以及研究方法的最新进展。金的赋存状态按照不同的分类原则可以进行不同的分类，但是本质上都可分为可见金与不可见金两类。金赋存状态的研究方法主要有传统的物理鉴定法和化学物相分析法、微束分析技术研究法、波谱学研究法。其中尤以微束分析技术应用最为广泛，包括扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、透射电镜(TEM)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)、质子探针(SPM)、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)等，而在实际研究中通常是多种分析技术的综合应用。目前对于晶格金的赋存状态以及载金矿物中金存在的化学价态尚无定论，微束分析技术的分辨率有待提高，波谱法的解谱相对困难。随着微束分析技术、波谱技术等的提高，对金的赋存状态会有更深入的研究。

Occurrence state of gold in hydrothermal deposits and related research methods

In this contribution, we review the occurrence state of gold in hydrothermal deposits and related analytical methods. The occurrence states of gold can be classified according to different criteria, but essentially they can be characterized as visible and invisible gold. The analytical methods include chemical phase analysis, physical identification, microbeam and spectroscopic analysis. At present, microbeam analysis techniques are widely used in SEM, EMPA, TEM, SIMS, SPM, LA-ICP-MS and so on, and these analytical methods can shed light on gold hydrothermal occurrence. Today we are still facing challenges in areas such as resolving the occurrence state of structural gold or valence state of Au in gold-bearing minerals, improving resolution and sensibility of microbeam analysis techniques, and overcoming obstacles in wave spectrum analysis. Improvements in microbeam analysis techniques and spectroscopic analysis will lead to more in-depth research on the occurrence state of gold.