Trace element and Pb isotope variability during rainy events in the NW Mediterranean: constraints on anthropogenic and natural sources |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Restorative Sciences, 1919 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA;2. University of Florida, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Room D9-6, P.O. Box 100415, Gainesville, FL 32610-0415, USA;3. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, 1919 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA;4. Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA;5. HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, 8170 33rd Avenue South, Mail Stop 21111R, PO Box 1524, Bloomington, MN 55440-1524, USA;1. Group of Ferroic Materials, Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil;2. Group of Superconductivity and Magnetism, Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905, Brazil;1. Laboratoire HydroSciences, UMR 5569, Université Montpellier-2, place Eugène-Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France;2. BRGM, Laboratory Division, 3, avenue Claude-Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans cedex 2, France;1. Centre for Coastal and Catchment Research, River Basin Dynamics and Hydrology Research Group, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK;2. School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL55 1YW, UK;3. Innovative River Solutions, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Rain samples collected over the period 1995–1999 on the French Mediterranean coast have been analyzed for their trace elements and Pb isotopic compositions, both in the dissolved and particulate loads. Our results show that metal Enrichment Factors (EF) relative to Upper Erodable Crust are high for Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd and comparable to values reported about 10 years ago for North Western Mediterranean rains. Overall unradiogenic Pb isotopic compositions indicate the still visible influence of French gasoline lead on both dissolved and particulate loads. This influence is also seen on aerosols, although more variable. The examination of air mass trajectories allows us to distinguih the Pb isotopic signatures of main sources, in particular Marseille/North Italy/North Africa. Rains collected and analyzed sequentially show intra-rain variations for metal contents, metal EF and Pb isotopes, which may also be related to the main paths and altitudes of the air masses. Metal EFs and Pb isotopic data on rains from Southern France in the late 1990s are similar to recent data published on French aerosols or sediments, which are interpreted as reflecting the phasing out of leaded gasoline in the atmosphere. |
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