On the relation between solar-flare gamma-ray emission and proton escape into interplanetary space |
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Authors: | V V Zaitsev A V Stepanov |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Applied Pnysics, Gorky, U.S.S.R.;(2) SibIZMIR, Irkutsk, U.S.S.R. |
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Abstract: | It is shown that escaping of solar flare energetic protons into interplanetary space as well as their relation to the flare gamma-ray emission depend on the parameter = 8p/B
0
2
, where p is the pressure of hot plasma and energetic particles and B
0 is the magnetic field in a flaring loop. If 1, the bulk of the energetic protons escape to the loss cone because of diffusion due to small-scale Alfvén-wave turbulence, and precipitate into the footpoints of the flaring loop. The flare then produces intense gamma-ray line emission and a weak flux of high energy protons in interplanetary space. If >*0.3-1.0, then fast eruption of hot plasma and energetic particles out of the flaring loop occurs, this being due to the flute instability or magnetic-field-plasma nonequilibrium. The flare then produces a comparatively weak gamma-radiation and rather intense proton fluxes in interplanetary space. We predict a modulation of the solar flare gamma-ray line emission with a period 1 s during the impulsive phase that is due to the MHD-oscillations of the energy release volume. The time lag of the gamma-ray peaks with respect to the hard X-ray peaks during a simultaneous acceleration of electrons and protons can be understood in terms of strong diffusion. |
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