我国水土保持工作现状、问题和对策

本文回顾了我国水土保持工作的历史并将其划分为4个阶段.对占国土面积38.2%的367万km²水土流失状况、成因类型和地域分布作了分析.对建国以来累计治理水土流失面积60万km²,建设基本农田1.5亿亩,营造水土保持林5亿多亩,以水土保持措施使每年增产粮食150亿kg、增产果品250亿kg,每年减少土壤侵蚀11亿t、增加保水能力180亿m³,以及水土保持在立法、科研、教育等方面取得的成就作了总结.对目前存在的主要问题及部分地区水土流失面积扩大危害加剧趋势,论文从依法治理、实施全国水土保持规划纲要、抓好7大江河和17片重点治理工程、加强教育和科研等方面提出了具体对策.

PRESNT SITUATIONS, PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF SOIL AND ATER CONSERVATION IN CHIOA

Tjhis paper comprehensively discusses the present situations, problems and countermea-sures of soil and water conservation in Chna.Soil and water conservation, as ahnd of science, has experienced four stages which are exploration period(1920-1940), model demonstration and development period(1950-1970), period of close combination of small river basin control and economic benefits(1980s), and period of legislation for amelioration and development.Nowadays, China has a soil erosion area of 3.67 million km², occupying 38.2% of the territory.The condition is getting worse. In order to control soil erosion and develop regional economy, since 1949, China has controlled more than 500 000km² eroded land, constructed 0.15 billion mu farmlands and more than 0.5 billion mu soil and water conservation forests, planted and reserved more than 50 million mu grasses, planted more than 50 million mu economic fruit trees. The accumulative increased amount of product value is 63 billion RMB Yuan. The annual increased amourit of foods is l5 billion kg, the annual increased amount of fruits is 25 billion kg.The water retaining capacity was increased by 18 billion m³.The annual amount of eroded soils was decreased by 1.1 billiont.Moreover, a great progress was made in legislation, scientific research and latent training. The writer thinks that soil and water conservation is a longterm task.We should improve the works in soil and water conservation in the future.