岩石组构学研究的最新技术——电子背散射衍射(EBSD)

岩石组构分析是构造地质学研究的一项基础工作，对理解许多地质过程非常关键。岩石组构学的理论研究和测试技术手段都有很大发展，取得了许多重要成果。最近十几年来，装备在扫描电镜上的电子背散射衍射（EBSD）新技术日臻成熟，已经成为地球科学和材料科学组构分析的强有力手段。作为革命性的新技术，EBSD的量化显微构造数据在地质学研究中具有广泛的应用前景，例如相鉴定、变形机制、位错滑移系、结晶学优选方位（CPO）和变质过程研究等。本文介绍了池际尚教授在开拓我国岩石组构学教学和科学研究以及人才培养方面的重要贡献，同时阐述了EBSD的仪器组成、基本原理和应用范围及其与费氏台、X射线衍射、中子衍射和透射电镜优缺点的对比，并展示了该方法在大别-苏鲁超高压榴辉岩组构分析中的应用。

New Technique of Petrofabric: Electron Backscatter Diffraction(EBSD)

Petrofabric analysis is one of the important work in structural geology,and plays a critical role for our understanding of many geological processes.Petrofabric subject traces its origin to the early twentieth century,and do much to the earth science with the great developments of theories and techniques ever since.Professor Chi Jishang was one of the most important founders of petrofabric subject in China,and did invaluable contributions to its developments.In the last 10 years,the electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) technique has developed into a powerful tool for the study of petrofabrics in the scanning electron microscope(SEM).The quantitative crystallographic orientation data from EBSD have a wide variety of potential applications in geology,including phase identification,studying deformation mechanisms,crystallographic preferred orientation analysis,constraining dislocation slip systems,studying metamorphic processes and more.This paper briefly describes some of the physical fundamentals and the practical set-up of the technique and its application scope in geology.The advantages and disadvantages of EBSD as compared to some traditional methods such as universal stage,X-ray diffraction,neutron diffraction and transmission electron microscope(TEM) are also discussed.Finally,we presented here an application example of the petrofabric study of garnet and omphacite in the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh pressure eclogite.