西辽河流域古代文明的生态背景分析

基于孢粉、炭屑显微结构、古土壤遥感资料,并结合西辽河流域文化景观的时空格局,探讨了人地关系相互作用机制.历史时期西辽河流域的环境变化有两个适宜期和两个欠适宜期,与此相适应,文化景观则表现为农业文化的3次兴盛:上古农业文化兴盛期;中古农业文化兴盛期;近代农业文化兴盛期.在这3个农业兴盛期中,人类生态足迹逐渐扩大,对资源的利用程度逐渐加强,对该区域的景观面貌的影响逐渐增大.西辽河流域景观演变不表现为简单的南北摆动,而是表现为区域尺度上景观的"弹性变化".

ANALYSIS FOR ECOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATION IN XILIAOHE RIVER BASIN

The interaction mechanisms of man-land relationship were discussed based on the data of pollen, charcoal and paleosoil combining with the cultural landscape pattern of temporal and spatial variety. Two optimum and two less-optimum climate stages were distinguished during historical period in Xiliaohe river basin. Correspondingly, the agricultural culture duration can be divided into three prosperous stages including ancient stage, medieval(the Middle Ages) stage and modern stage. The climates for the ancient and medieval prosperous stages of agricultural cultures were optimum and the warm-temperature deciduous broad-leaved forest had a distribution in Xiliaohe river basin.During the ancient and medieval prosperous stages of agricultural culture the optimum climate had a close relation with the prosperous agriculture culture and the human activities such as cutting tree used as fuel,making pottery were frequent.The climate for the modern prosperous stage of agricultural culture was less-optimum.The modern prosperous agricultural culture was driven by complicated causation of society and politics. During three prosperous stages of agricultural culture,there was a gradual increment in the ecological footprint of mankind, the utilization for natural resources and the influence of human activity on local landscape. The landscape changes of Xiliaohe river basin weren′t simply oscillated from the south to the north, but presented the resilient change on regional scale.