东北地区要素空间集聚与不平衡发展研究

基于2000—2017年东北地区县域尺度生产要素与GDP数据，借助空间分析法，考察东北地区要素集聚与不平衡发展的时空特征和空间关系。结果表明：① 2000年以来，东北地区要素集聚度总体呈下降趋势且区域差异缩小，经济发展水平呈持续上升趋势且区域差异逐步缩小。② 要素空间集聚与经济发展水平由以中心城市为主的高值区，逐渐演变为以中心城市为核心，及其临近地域组成的城市群高值集聚区。二者空间耦合性较好，形成了中南部地区要素集聚与经济发展的空间高度一致性；但北部地区存在显著的空间错位，特别是北部地区的鹤岗、伊春等市的市辖区虽然要素集聚度高于其他地区，但经济发展水平却处于中低水平。可以看出，以哈长城市群和辽中南城市群为主的城市群，正日渐成为东北地区经济发展的核心带动区。③ 区位差异、偏向城市的发展政策，以及产业转型升级等因素共同作用，主导了东北地区要素集聚与不平衡发展的空间分异。

Spatial Agglomeration and Unbalanced Development of Elements in Northeast China

Based on the county-level production factors and GDP data of Northeast China from 2000 to 2017, this article examines the spatial-temporal characteristics and spatial relationship of factor agglomeration and unbalanced development in Northeast China with the help of spatial analysis methods. The results show that: 1) Since 2000, the factor agglomeration in Northeast China has generally shown a downward trend and the regional differences have narrowed. 2) The spatial agglomeration of elements and the level of economic development have evolved from high-value areas with a central city as the core, and gradually evolved into high-value agglomeration areas with the central city as the core and its neighboring regions. The spatial coupling between the two is good, which forms a high degree of spatial consistency between the factor aggregation and economic development in the central and southern regions; however, there is a significant spatial dislocation in the northern region, especially in the municipal districts of Hegang and Yichun in the northern region. The degree of agglomeration is higher than other regions, but the level of economic development is at a low to medium level. It can be seen that urban agglomerations dominated by Kazakh clusters and central and southern Liaoning urban agglomerations are gradually becoming the core driving areas of social development in the Northeast region. 3) Factors such as location differences, city-biased development policies, and industrial transformation and upgrading have combined to dominate the spatial differentiation of factor agglomeration and unbalanced development in Northeast China.