中国重点农区乡村地域功能演变及其影响机理——以江汉平原为例

乡村振兴战略的实施亟需提炼不同乡村地域类型的发展路径。论文构建了乡村地域生产、生活、生态功能测度指标体系,刻画江汉平原乡村地域功能演化特征;基于空间计量模型探析了江汉平原乡村地域功能演变的影响因素及作用机理。研究结果发现：① 江汉平原各县域乡村地域功能指数均呈现出不同程度的增长趋势,生产、生活、生态功能指数分别增长78.26%、34.25%、9.68%;生产功能增长主导和生活功能增长主导是乡村地域综合功能提升的主要类型。② 江汉平原乡村地域功能存在显著的空间非均衡分布格局,生态功能主导型县域主要分布于北部边缘地区,生活功能主导型县域集中分布于中部和南部地区,生产功能主导型县域分布相对零散;生态功能和生活功能主导江汉平原乡村地域功能的空间变化。③ 外源驱动对江汉平原乡村地域功能变化主要表现为负向作用,内生响应主要表现为正向作用;乡村生产功能受外源驱动和内生响应的影响程度最高,乡村地域综合功能被影响程度次于乡村生产和生活功能;乡村地域综合功能和生产、生活功能具有正向的空间溢出效应。探寻农产品主产区乡村地域功能演变的影响因素及作用机理,有助于识别差异化的乡村发展路径,为乡村振兴战略实施提供参考依据。

Change and mechanism of influence of rural territorial functions in major agricultural areas of China:A case study of the Jianghan Plain

The identification of rural territorial functions of major agricultural areas can provide an important support for rural revitalization and food security. The Jianghan Plain is one of the main agricultural areas in China and is undergoing a rapid rural transformation and reconstruction. From the perspective of ecological,production, and living spaces, this study constructed an indicator system for the assessment of production, living,and ecological functions of rural areas. Using the entropy weight method to determine the weights of indicators,we examined the pattern of change of rural territorial functions in the rural areas of the Jianghan Plain from 2000 to 2015. The influencing mechanism of change was analyzed by applying spatial econometric models. The results show that: 1) The total index value of rural territorial functions of the rural area in the Jianghan Plain increased notably. Values of the three sub-index of production, living, and ecological functions increased by78.26%, 34.25%, and 9.69%. Growths in the production function and living function were the two main ways of rural function improvement in the Jianghan Plain. 2) The rural function index values of the Jianghan Plain showed prominent spatial differentiation, with an overall east-west divide. Specifically, counties dominated by ecological function mostly aggregated on the northern fringe of the Jianghan Plain, while those dominated by living function aggregated on the central and southern part of the Jianghan Plain, and those dominated by production function showed a random spatial distribution. Ecological function and living function played a major part in the change of rural functions in the Jianghan Plain. 3) We argue that the factors that affect rural development can be divided into two types, namely exogenous driving forces and endogenous responses. The results of the spatial econometric models indicate that both types have an impact on the change in rural territorial functions in the Jianghan Plain. More specifically, the exogenous factors showed a positive influence on the change of rural function in the Jianghan Plain, while the endogenous factors showed a negative effect. The greatest impacts of both the exogenous and the endogenous factors were on production function, followed by living function and total function. The marketization response had spatial spillover effects on the change of rural territorial functions of the Jianghan Plain. Our findings indicate that developing multifunctional agriculture in the Jianghan Plain is a rational choice. In practice, exploring change and influencing mechanism of rural territorial functions for major agricultural areas, on the one hand will be helpful for identifying different patterns of rural development and providing guidance for the implementation of rural revitalization. On the other hand, research on functional types of rural areas could have a broad impact on rural development and urban and rural coordination. Due to the differences in major territorial functions and external conditions, we suggest that the applicability of the evaluation index system and influencing mechanism should vary along with the territorial types.