城市建成环境对广州市居民幸福感的影响——基于15 min步行可达范围的分析

人民群众幸福感的提升,是新型城镇化的落脚点,改善人居环境是城镇化质量提升的必然要求。既有的社区环境与居民幸福感关系的研究大多基于行政管辖范围评估社区的建成环境状况,且忽视了城市建成环境影响居民幸福感的中间机制。论文基于广州市23个社区采集的问卷调查数据,利用多层线性回归模型、中介效应分析和分层分析,识别影响居民幸福感的建成环境因素,揭示了居住满意度所起到的中介作用,尤其关注缓冲区的重新划定对分析结果的影响,以及建成环境对幸福感影响的异质性效应。结果表明：① 相较于行政管辖范围和1000 m面要素缓冲区,基于15 min步行可达范围所提取的建成环境指标与居民主观幸福感的关联程度更高;② 人均绿地面积、POI点密度与居民幸福感呈正相关关系,人口密度与幸福感呈负相关关系;③ 居住满意度在POI点密度与居民主观幸福感之间的关系中发挥了完全中介作用;④ 异质性分析结果表明,社区建成环境与个体幸福感的关联程度因居民的户籍、住房产权和就业情况不同而呈现显著差异。

Impacts of urban built environments on residents’ subjective well-being: An analysis based on 15-minute walking distance

As China enters the stage of "New Normal" development, promoting people's subject well-being has become an important target of the new-type urbanization. Meanwhile, improving the living environment is considered an inevitable requirement for improving the quality of urbanization. Although a substantial body of literature has focused on the linkage between the neighborhood environment and subjective well-being, only a few studies have attempted to unravel the intermediate mechanism of the relationship. Additionally, previous research mostly evaluated neighborhood built environment based on the administrative jurisdiction, rather than the real activity space of residents, ignoring the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Using the survey data collected in 23 residential communities between June and August 2015 in Guangzhou City, China, this study explored the built environment factors that affect subjective well-being with a multilevel linear regression model, paying special attention to the impact of buffer zone redrawing on the analysis results. Mediation analysis was also adopted to reveal the mediating effect of residential satisfaction, while stratified analysis was applied to explore the impact of respondents' objective socioeconomic status heterogeneity on the relationship between built environment and subjective well-being. Several conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) Compared with the indices extracted from administrative jurisdiction and 1000 m buffer, the indices extracted from 15-minute walking distance have higher correlation with residents' subjective well-being. 2) Per capita green space area and point of interest (POI) density are positively correlated with residents' subjective well-being, while population density is negatively correlated. 3) Mediation analysis indicated that residential satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between POI density and subjective well-being. 4) The correlation between neighborhood built environment and subjective well-being is significantly different due to heterogeneity of individual socioeconomic characteristics (that is, hukou status, housing tenure, and employment status). Our findings reaffirm the significant role of the real neighborhood environment in supporting subjective well-being, provide some insights for urban planners and policymakers on how to interweave well-being promotion into urban environments. It is suggested that the needs of people with different socioeconomic characteristics should be taken into account to develop targeted 15-minute community life circle planning. Additionally, strengthening green infrastructure construction also matters.