多尺度视角下的产业价值链与空间升级研究框架与展望

改革开放以来,在出口导向的产业发展模式驱动下,中国积极加入全球化进程并快速实现产业升级。进入21世纪后,在面临成本上升和制度环境变化等诸多危机和挑战的情况下,中国制造业开始了新一轮的产业升级。这从根本上重塑了产业组织和空间结构,改变着中国制造业在地方、区域乃至全球出口市场中的角色功能和影响力。基于文献分析,论文将产业升级划分为价值链升级和空间升级2种模式,并分别从全球、国家、区域、地方、企业等多尺度视角下探讨了中国产业升级的机制及其影响,得出以下主要结论：① 价值链升级和空间升级现象相互依赖、相互作用,是产业升级的2个侧面,综合两者的分析框架能更全面地反映中国产业升级的现状;② 中国产业在升级模式上体现了复杂多样性,已有研究关注的产业升级模式较为单一,未来应更加关注中国产业升级路径和方式的非线性、复杂性和多元性特征;③ 中国产业升级是由全球、国家、区域、地方、企业等多重尺度力量相互耦合下共同驱动的,透过多元地理尺度融合的分析框架解读产业价值链升级和空间升级机制,才能更好地理解中国产业的发展和赶超之路。

Research framework and prospect of industrial value chain upgrading and spatial upgrading based on a multiple scale perspective

Since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, driven by the export-oriented developmental pattern, China has deeply joined the globalization process and quickly realized industrial upgrading. However, since the beginning of the twenty-first century, China's manufacturing industry has faced many crises and challenges such as rising costs and institutional changes. In response to these challenges, China's manufacturing industry has begun a new round of industrial upgrading, which fundamentally reshapes the industrial space and organizational structure of the manufacturing industry, changing the function, role, and influence of China's manufacturing in regional and global export markets. Focusing on industrial upgrading, this article first reviewed the research on industrial upgrading pattern, and divided it into industrial value chain upgrading and spatial upgrading. Then, it examined the industrial upgrading mechanism from multiple scales: global, national, regional, local, and enterprise, and drew the following main conclusions: 1) Value chain upgrading and spatial upgrading are two sides of industrial upgrading. Value chain upgrading focuses on organizational restructuring, and spatial upgrading emphasizes geographical restructuring. Spatial upgrading has four types: localization, delocalization, relocalization, and regionalization, which are coupling and interacting with value chain upgrading. An analysis framework combining both can comprehensively reflect the status of industrial upgrading in China. 2) Considering the complex and diverse upgrading phenomena in China, the existing literature on industrial upgrading pattern is relatively simple, and it is necessary to pay more attention to the cross-upgrading path and the non-linear, complex, and diverse nature of China's industrial upgrading in the future. 3) China's industrial upgrading process is driven by the forces from multiple scales of global, national, regional, local, and enterprise. We propose a multi-scale integration perspective that abandons single-perspective, top-down, and hierarchical ways of thinking. Using the multi-scale analysis framework to investigate the upgrading mechanisms can help us to better understand the development and the catching up path of China's industry.