天然气水合物电磁勘探研究进展

天然气水合物因能源资源潜力、环境效应问题和对地质灾害影响,受到了世界各国的广泛关注,成为了科学研究热点.目前,探测天然气水合物最有效的当属地震勘探,但其存在着一些问题,如只能探测水合物的底界、无法估算水合物浓度、BSR特征与水合物储层不一一对应等,而电磁方法则成为其有益的补充,可降低勘探成本和钻探风险.本文综述了海域与陆域冻土区电磁探测天然气水合物的研究进展,介绍了国内外天然气水合物的发展历程、电磁探测水合物的物性基础和电磁探测天然气水合物的研究现状.在海域水合物电磁勘探方面,重点阐述了频率域海洋可控源电磁法的原理、电磁法数值模拟、装备研发和应用研究的相关进展;在陆域水合物电磁勘探方面,论述了电磁法在探测冻土层、水合物成藏要素以及水合物有效性的研究进展.最后结合我国天然气水合物电磁勘探研究现状,提出了相关建议,为开展相关领域研究提供有益的参考.

Advances in electromagnetic exploration research of gas hydrate

Due to its potential energy resources, environmental effects and geological hazards, gas hydrate has been caused lots of attentions all over the world and has been become a hot spot in scientific researches. At present, the seismic exploration is the most effective method to detect natural gas hydrate, but there are some problems in the seismic exploration, including only detecting the bottom boundary of hydrate layers, not using to estimate the saturation of hydrate, the BSR incompletely corresponding to the hydrate reservoir, and so on. However, the electromagnetic method is a useful supplement, which can reduce exploration costs and the drilling risk. This paper reviews the progress of electromagnetic detection of gas hydrates in marine regions and permafrost regions. The development history of gas hydrate, the electrical difference basis of electromagnetic detection and researches of electromagnetic detection on gas hydrate are introduced respectively. In the field of electromagnetic exploration research on marine hydrate, a series of related research progresses were stated, including the numerical simulation research progresses of electromagnetic exploration, the research and development progresses of electromagnetic equipment and application research progresses of CSEM. In the field of electromagnetic exploration research on land hydrate, the research progresses in the detection of permafrost, hydrate accumulation factors and effectiveness of electromagnetic methods for detecting gas hydrate are discussed. Finally, some relevant suggestions have been proposed to provide some useful reference in related research fields according to the current research status on electromagnetic detection of gas hydrate in China.