论乡村聚落转型

在人类聚居学、人地关系地域系统和土地利用转型等理论基础上,从物质-社会空间耦合的视角阐释乡村聚落转型的概念内涵及其表征要素,揭示不同历史阶段乡村聚落空间从同质同构转向异质异构的基本特征,剖析外缘拉力、内生推力和系统突变力综合作用下的乡村聚落转型驱动机制,设计乡村振兴目标导向下乡村聚落转型分区、分类、分模式的路径体系。研究认为,乡村聚落转型应该调节物质空间和社会空间的协同演进,着力提升乡村聚落的内生动力和应对外界干扰抵御、适应和转型的能力,分类、有序的推进乡村聚落多元化发展并驱动乡村振兴。

Transition of Rural Settlements: Concept,Feature, Mechanism and Path

In the new era, China's rural areas are experiencing a process from recession to development. As an important structural component of the rural system, rural settlements are undergoing drastic restructuring and transition, which has triggered a series of impacts and effects. It is a new proposition to comprehensively grasp the transition law of rural settlements and scientifically select the transition path of rural settlements in order to promote the sustainable development of rural areas and respond to the strategy of rural revitalization. Based on the theories of human settlements, regional system of human-land relationship and land use transition, the article explains the concept connotation and characterization elements of rural settlements transition from the perspective of material-social space coupling, reveals the basic characteristics of rural settlement space in different historical stages from homogeneous isomorphism to heterogeneous heterogeneity, analyses the driving mechanism of rural settlement transition under the combined effects of external pulling force, endogenous thrust force and system sudden change force. Finally, the path system of rural settlement transition zoning, classification and sub-model is designed under the goal of rural revitalization. The study holds that the rural settlement is a combination of material space and social space,which can be characterized by life, production, ecology and family, neighbors, villages and other elements. In the process of rural settlement transition, there are various spatial elements lag and volatility and lead to the multiple types and multiple paths of rural settlements development. Usually,the rural settlement transition is formed by the external environment such as industrialization, urbanization, policy and technological innovation, and internal artificial society and system mutation factors, but the different ways and degrees of different dynamics are different. Rural settlements transition is a process of benign development and an important fulcrum for rural revitalization,it should adjust the coordinated evolution of material space and social space, enhance the endogenous motive force of rural settlements and the ability to resist, adapt and transform to external interference, and promote the diversified development of rural settlements in a classified and orderly manner and drive the rural revitalization.