基于改进三维足迹模型的关中地区土地自然资本利用状况分析

三维生态足迹是可持续发展定量化评价的重要方法,陕西关中地区作为丝绸之路经济带的重要承载地,研究其土地自然资本利用状况对可持续发展具有重要意义。论文采用改进三维足迹模型,并利用足迹广度基尼系数等指标,对关中地区1995—2015年自然资本利用状况从“产品—地类—区域”3个尺度进行了分析。结果表明： ① 1995—2015年,关中地区土地足迹呈现先增后减的变化趋势,土地承载力逐年下降,生态赤字逐年增大,不利于可持续发展;② 关中地区5个市均处于生态赤字状态,足迹深度均超过原长1,消耗存量资本来弥补流量资本的不足已成关中地区社会发展的常态;③ 耕地和建设用地为流量资本占用主要地类,草地、耕地和建设用地为存量资本消耗主要地类;④ 区域内部流量占用不公平程度逐渐增加,若仍不采取合理措施,2025年将呈现较不均衡状态,2030年则为高度不均衡。论文聚焦“实态足迹”,揭示了关中地区土地利用效益,为其可持续发展提供科学参考。

The use of land natural capital in the Guanzhong region based on a revised three-dimensional ecological footprint model

As a tool of natural capital accounting, ecological footprint models have been used to quantitatively estimate a region's sustainability. Three-dimensional ecological footprint is a new approach in the field of natural capital accounting around the world. Given the modern background of the Belt and Road initiative, the construction of ecological civilization, and the development of the western regions of China, it is significant for the Guanzhong region—an important area on the Silk Road—to choose a sustainable development path in the future. Based on the revised three-dimensional ecological footprint model, this study used three scales including product, land use type, and region to quantitatively calculate the land use ecological footprint size and footprint depth of the Guanzhong region and its respective municipalities from 1995 to 2015. Moreover, Gini coefficient of footprint size and other indicators were added to more clearly analyze the occupancy of natural capital flows and the consumption of natural capital stocks in the study area. Lastly, it evaluated the sustainability of natural capital use of the Guanzhong region and its municipalities. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) From 1995 to 2015, the land use ecological footprint of the Guanzhong region showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The land carrying capacity decreased year by year and the ecological deficit increased year by year, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the region. 2) The five large cities in the Guanzhong region were in the situation of ecological deficit, and their footprint depth were all more than 1. Consuming stock capital to make up for the shortage of flow capital has become a normal social development pattern in the region. 3) Cropland and construction land were the main land use types occupied by natural capital flows, while grassland, cropland, and construction land were the main land use types of natural capital stocks. 4) Inequality of natural capital flow occupation in the region was gradually increasing. If no reasonable measures are taken, it will reach a relatively unbalanced state in 2025 and a highly unbalanced state in 2030. This study focused on the "actual footprint", comprehensively revealed the land use benefits in the Guanzhong region, and provided a scientific reference for the sustainable development of the region.