多功能视角的沿海港口城市体系位序规模结构及耦合类型

运用位序规模法则，以2001—2015年中国47个主要港口城市为研究样本，探讨多功能视角的沿海港口城市体系位序规模特征及其层级结构，以航运物流为基础功能划分其多功能发展的耦合类型。研究表明：① 2001—2015年，沿海港口城市体系中制造业功能位序规模分布的无标度区出现双分形结构，层级分割特征显现，其余功能则为单分形；从长期演化看，仅航运物流功能位序规模分布由集中化向均衡化发展，商贸功能、制造业功能（无标度区一）、现代服务功能和人口集散功能则处于集中化态势。② 沿海港口城市体系层级结构由金字塔结构逐步向纺锤状结构过渡，普遍形成了全国性枢纽、区域性枢纽、区域性副中心、区域性节点与地方性节点5个层级。③ 从多功能耦合类型看，港口城市传统功能普遍超前而高端服务功能滞后，城市类功能提升速度较慢且趋于平缓，表明中国沿海港口城市多功能发展仍处于低水平，产业体系结构有待进一步优化。④ 从不同层级港口城市来看，区域性枢纽城市、区域性副中心城市各功能均处于快速增长阶段；区域性节点和地方性节点城市则仍处在工业和商贸等传统功能增长阶段。

Rank-size Structure and Coupling Type of Coastal Port City System Based on Multifunctional Perspective

Taking 47 major port cities of China from 2001 to 2015 as a sample, this article discusses the characteristics of rank-size, analyzes the hierarchical structure and divides functional coupling types based on the shipping logistics function of coastal port city system from a multifunctional perspective by using the law of rank-size. Some interesting conclusions were obtained. Firstly, from 2001 to 2015, the manufacturing industry function of coastal port city system was divided into double fractal structures and other functions were single fractal. After long-term evolution, the shipping logistics function of rank-size distribution tends to be balanced, and the commercial and trade function, the manufacturing industry function (non-scale areas one), the modern service function and the population migration function all tend to be centralized. Secondly, the hierarchical structure of coastal port city system is in pyramid mode, but the shape is changing towards a spindle structure gradually. And it generally forms 5 levels which are national pivotal, regional pivotal, regional sub-center, regional node and local node. Thirdly, from the multifunctional coupling type, the traditional functions of the port city are generally advanced and the high-end service functions are lagging behind. The urban function shows a slow and gentle development state. It shows that the multifunctional development of China's coastal port cities is still at a low level and the industrial system structure needs to be further optimized. Finally, the functions of regional pivotal and regional sub-center cities are all in the stage of rapid growth. Regional nodes and local nodes cities are still in the growth stage of traditional functions such as industry and trade.