塔里木盆地南缘和田地区土地利用变化的遥感研究

中国西部干旱区土地利用变化显著,是全球土地变化科学研究的热点区,为此论文基于1990—2016年4个时段的遥感卫星数据,采用面向对象的分层分类影像解译方法完成了塔里木盆地南缘和田地区(简称和田塔里木地区)土地利用调查,重点分析土地利用变化特征、发展模式和区域差异性。结果表明：1990—2016年,和田塔里木地区耕地持续加速扩张(增长率为2.9%/a),呈现渐进式扩张和骤变式开垦2种发展模式;建设用地面积增加(12.1%/a),主要表现为城市化发展、农村居民用地和交通用地的增加;耕地和建设用地扩张导致林灌草地和未利用地面积减少;和田地区县域土地利用发展不均衡,和田市建设用地比例最高,和田县与墨玉县的农业和建设用地扩张总量和速率最大,其次是洛浦县和于田县,皮山县、策勒县和民丰县农业和建设用地增长相对缓慢;总体上,和田塔里木地区耕地和建设用地的扩张在新疆处于一个较快的发展水平,今后一段时期快速的土地利用变化可能引起的生态环境问题需要重点关注。

Monitoring land-use change in Hetian Tarim Basin,China using satellite remote sensing observation between 1990 and 2016

Rapid land use changes in the arid area of western China make the region a hotspot of global land use change research. In this study, land use inventories in the Hetian Tarim Basin in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 were completed by using stratified and object-oriented image processing method based on Landsat images with a consistent spatial resolution of 30 m to reveal the characteristics of land-use change, patterns and trend, and spatial heterogeneity. The results show that from 1990 to 2016: 1) Cropland continuously expanded with an increase rate of 2.9%/a, with gradual expansion and sudden reclamation. 2) The area of construction land increased significantly at a rate of 12.1%/a, which can be mainly attributed to the increase in area of urbanization, rural residential land, and transportation land. 3) The increase in cropland and construction land resulted in the decrease of forests, shrubs, and grasslands. 4) Spatial heterogeneity in land use developments among counties of Hetian Prefecture are significant: Hetian City had the highest percentage of construction lands; Hetian County and Moyu County experienced the greatest expansion in total area and rates of change in both cropland and construction land, followed by Luopu County, Yutian County, Pishan County, Cele County, and Minfeng County with relatively slow development in cropland and construction land. The increase rates of cropland and construction land in Hetian Tarim Basin are above average in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Attention should be focused on the impact of the rapid land-use changes on eco-environmental issues in the near future.