国家级贫困县脱贫力空间格局及分异机制

以截至2018年底中国已实现脱贫的154个贫困县为样本，构建脱贫力指标以衡量全国脱贫县相对脱贫效果，系统分析贫困县脱贫力的空间格局特征；利用相关分析和地理探测器等方法，剖析自然环境特征、区位交通条件、农业现代化水平、区域经济发展水平、公共服务设施水平等5个维度共19个驱动因子对脱贫力的作用程度及其区域差异。结果表明：贫困县脱贫力可划分为高度脱贫力、次高脱贫力、中高脱贫力和基本脱贫力4个等级，空间分布呈现不均衡态势，且脱贫率与脱贫力不同步；坡度、到主要干道距离、到最近地级市距离、人均农业机械总动力和人均财政收入等5个因子与贫困县脱贫效果显著相关，共同作用于脱贫力的空间分异，且对4个等级脱贫力影响程度差异显著。

The Spatial Pattern and Differentiation Mechanism of Poverty Alleviation in National Poverty Counties

Accurate poverty alleviation is one of the three major challenges in building a well-off society in China. Taking the poverty-stricken counties (not including the data of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, limited by data collection) that have achieved poverty alleviation in China as of 2018 as a sample, the poverty alleviation index is used to measure the relative poverty alleviation effect of poverty alleviation counties in the country. The natural breakpoint method is used to divide the poverty alleviation into four grades, and the impact factor indicators of poverty alleviation are constructed. The system analyzes the correlation between the 16 factors of the five categories of variables such as natural environment characteristics, location traffic conditions, agricultural modernization level, regional economic development level and public service level, and analyzes the degree of regional poverty alleviation through the use of correlation analysis. The dominant factor of force and the dominant interaction factor. The results show that poverty alleviation is divided into four levels: high poverty alleviation, second highest poverty alleviation, middle and high poverty alleviation and basic poverty alleviation. The spatial distribution shows an imbalance, and the poverty alleviation rate is out of sync with poverty alleviation; five factors are poor. The effect of poverty alleviation in the county is significantly related. The degree of action from the largest to the smallest is the slope, the distance to the main trunk road, the distance to the nearest prefecture-level city, the total power of agricultural machinery per capita and the per capita fiscal revenue. The spatial differentiation of poverty alleviation is affected by five driving factors. The common influence, the strong driving force, the strong driving force, the weak driving force and the basic driving force, which are divided according to the intensity of the action, have different influences on the four levels of poverty alleviation.