转型期中国大城市流动人口的身份认同、特征与机制

采用2014年国家卫生计生委"流动人口社会融合及心理健康调查"专题数据,基于流动人口对城市和家乡的身份认同情况,结合多项分类Logistic模型等计量分析,探讨了流动人口身份认同的模式、特征及其主要影响因素。研究发现:①流动人口身份认同分为融合型、同化型、分离型和边缘型,总体上流动人口对流入地的城市身份认同较低;②除了个人因素以外,流动人口的身份认同还受到城市和家乡的双重影响,例如城市住房、社区类型、城市歧视感知、城市行为观念适应、乡愁情感以及家乡土地等因素;③存在从分离型到融合型、再到同化型的衍化路径,但部分流动人口会从分离型转化为边缘型;④同化型流动人口的心理健康水平和生活满意度高于其他类型流动人口。基于实证结果提出,在促进流动人口社会融合的制度设计中,需从城乡两个方面同时着手,并积极推进其实现身份认同上的同化。

Identity,Characteristics and Mechanism of Migrants in Large Chinese Cities of Transitional China

In the context of citizenization, the research of migrant identity is of great significance to promote social integration and people-oriented urbanization. The existing studies have paid little attention to the dual identification mode of migrants, that is, identification with the city is not necessarily separated from the identification with their hometown. This study, drawing data from the Survey of Social Integration and Mental Health of Migrants in 2014, analyses migrants’ identification patterns, characteristic and influence factors based on the migrants’ identification of hometown and city. Firstly, the results show that migrants have four identification patterns including integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization, and in general migrants have low identification with the city. Secondly, migrants’ identity is significantly affected by the factors related to the city where they live and their hometown, such as urban housing, neighborhood type, urban discrimination experience, adaptation to urban life, nostalgia emotions and hometown lands. Thirdly, our study identified that a developmental path for different identification patterns, which is from separation to integration and then to assimilation, but some migrants’ identity also would change from separation to marginalization if without policy intervention. Last but not the least, assimilated migrants are healthier and happier than the other types. According to above findings, we suggest that policy makers should consider both city and hometown factors to promote social integration for migrants, and try the best to achieve assimilation in terms of migrants’ identification with the city.