基于MCR模型的南方稀土矿区生态安全格局分析

南方稀土矿区是世界上主要的离子型稀土矿生产基地,对当地乃至中国都带来了不可估量的经济价值,但是在追求稀土开采的经济效益的同时,由于采矿工艺的不足,产生了一系列环境问题,威胁矿区的生态安全。以赣州岭北稀土矿区为例,基于景观生态安全格局理论及最小累积阻力模型(Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model,MCR)方法,对矿区的生态源地、生态廊道、生态节点等进行判别与分析,构建了矿区2009、2013和2018年3个年份的景观生态安全格局。结果表明:①稀土矿区的生态源地的斑块面积较小,主要集中于矿区的东西两侧。②在选取年份期间,稀土矿区的生态源地面积、生态廊道、辐射通道及生态节点数量都在不断增加,表明在这9a间,稀土矿区景观生态安全状况得到了一定的改善,但相关部门仍需对稀土矿区的生态安全格局进行进一步的规划和优化。

Analysis of Ecological Security Pattern of Southern Rare Earth Mining Area Based on MCR Model

Southern Rare Earth Mine is the world's main production base for ionic rare earth mines, Which has brought immeasurable economic value to local and even China. However, while pursuing the economic benefits of rare earth mining, due to the lack of mining technology, a series of environmental problems have arisen, which seriously threatened the ecological safety of the mining area. In this study, taking rare earth mining area of Lingbei in south of Jiangxi Province as an example. Based on the landscape ecological security pattern theory and the method of minimum cumulative resistance model (Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model, MCR), and Identify and analyze the ecological source areas, ecological corridors, and ecological nodes of the mining area, to constructed the landscape ecological security pattern of the mining area in 2009, 2013 and 2018. The results show: 1) In the years of 2009 and 2013, the plaque area of the ecological source of the rare earth mining area was small, mainly concentrated on the east and west sides of the mining area; In 2018, the area of the ecological source gradually increased, and the location of the ecological source moved toward the direction of high resistance slowly. 2) During year has been selected, the area of the ecological source area and the number of the ecological corridors, radiation channels and ecological nodes are constantly increasing in the rare earth mining area. It shows that during these 9 years, the landscape ecological security situation of rare earth mining area has been improved to a certain extent, the ecological pattern began to rationalize. However, relevant departments still need to further plan and optimize the ecological security pattern of rare earth mining areas.