中国城乡居民创业意愿的空间差异及其影响因素

创业意愿受区域环境的影响。利用中国家庭大数据和中国家庭金融调查,运用多层混合效应logistic模型,从区域创业示范效应、教育背景和风险偏好三方面探讨城乡创业意愿影响因素的差异。研究发现：① 区域示范效应促进东部城市居民创业意愿产生,但对中西部城市及农村居民无显著影响。② 城市中高学历居民更难产生创业意愿,东部农村居民创业意愿与教育背景无关,在中西部农村,高学历促进创业意愿产生。③ 城市中偏好高风险、高收益的居民更可能产生创业意愿,但当居民风险容忍度高到一定程度后,产生创业意愿的可能性不再改变,且东部城市的容忍程度门限高于西部城市;而在农村,偏好更高风险不能促进创业,仅当居民不愿承担任何风险时才会抑制创业。

The spatial difference and determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of residents between urban and rural areas of China

Regional environment has been recognized as a crucial factor in explaining entrepreneurial intention of individuals. Using the Chinese Family Database and the China Household Finance Survey, this paper extends a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model to understand the differences between urban and rural entrepreneurial intention driven by factors such as entrepreneurship model effects, educational background, as well as risk preferences. Results show that: (1) regional model effects have a positive effect on eastern urban entrepreneurial intention, but exert no significant effect on both rural and urban residents in the central and western China. (2) In urban areas, highly-educated residents are less likely to generate entrepreneurial intention. In rural areas, higher educational background promotes entrepreneurial intention of residents in the central and western regions, but it does not produce any influence on residents in the eastern region. (3) Urban residents who prefer higher-risk and higher-yield economic activities are more likely to generate entrepreneurial intention, but this intention would no longer change when the degree of tolerance to risk is high enough. And the degree of tolerance to risk of eastern residents is higher than their western counterparts. In rural areas, risk preferences have nothing to do with entrepreneurial intention, and this intention is even depressed by rural residents who refuse to take any risk.