中国生态环境遥感四十年

生态环境是人类社会生存与发展的基础。快速发展的遥感技术显著推动着生态环境遥感监测能力的提升,有效支撑了国家生态文明建设。从1980年天津—渤海湾环境遥感试验开始,经历了近40年的发展,遥感监测技术已经广泛应用于生态、大气、水、土壤等生态环境保护各个方面,取得显著成效。本文回顾了我国生态环境遥感技术近40年的发展,通过典型或重要应用案例,系统梳理了遥感技术在生态环境监测、对地观测能力、支撑生态文明建设等方面应用的发展历程。生态环境遥感监测能力发展主要表现在应用领域逐步扩大、监测精度明显提升、监测时效大幅增强;对地观测能力发展主要分为国外卫星为主期、环境卫星发展期、高分卫星应用期3个阶段;支撑生态文明建设的重大事件主要包括全国生态状况定期调查评估、污染防治攻坚战、应急与监督执法等方面。本文结合国家战略和技术发展,对今后生态环境遥感的发展提出了一些思考。

Advances of Remote Sensing on Ecology and Environment in China

Ecology and environment are the foundation of human society's survival and development, and main part of the construction of national ecological civilization and receives unprecedented attention. In the past 40 years, research and application of remote sensing in China ecological environment have great achievements, and satellite remote sensing technology is playing more and more important role in the processing ecology, atmosphere, water, soil and other environment protection. According to the published documents, through typical or important study cases, this paper expounds development process of remote sensing technology in ecology and environment, including earth observation ability, supporting ecological civilization construction. The development of remote sensing monitoring capacity is mainly reflected in the expansion of application fields, improvement of monitoring accuracy and enhancement of monitoring effectiveness. The development of earth observation capacity is mainly divided into three stages: the period-based on foreign satellites, the development period of environmental satellites, and the application period of GF series satellites. Major events supporting the construction of national ecological civilization mainly include periodic investigation and assessment of national ecosystem, and environmental pollution management and control, emergency response and supervision of law enforcement. Combined with the national strategy and technology development, some thoughts on the future development of remote sensing of ecology and environment are put forward.