粉性土毛管水的力学和工程特性

阐述了毛管水对土体强度、变形和渗流的影响。粉性土既有较高的毛管水头，又有一定的渗透性，水压传递快；毛管水对此类土的地基、基坑和堤坝等工程有明显的影响。研究的主要成果有：①根据试样浸水与否的无侧限抗压强度比较试验及理论分析，证明毛管水张力增高了土体强度，强度增高的数值，试验结果和理论分析相符；②计算分析雨季粉性土地表层毛管水张力消失和土体膨胀的过程；③借砂模试验和电拟试验，分析了毛管水对堤坝渗流流态的影响，毛管水增高了渗流量和出逸点高度；④提出了砂土和粉性土毛管水头hc和渗透系数k新的经验计算式。研究成果可应用于粉性土地基、基坑和堤坝等工程。

Mechanical and engineering characteristics of capillary water of silty soils

This paper deals with the influence of capillary water on the strength and deformation of soils, and on the seepage flow state of levees and dams. Silty soils possess both higher water head and higher permeability, water pressure transmitting rapidly. So that the influence of capillary water in the engineering with silty soils is obvious. The principal research results are: ①According to the comparison tests of unconfined compression strength with samples immersed in the water or not, and with theoretical analysis, it has been demonstrated the capillary water head results the further consolidation and strength increasing of the soil. The strength increasing values of the tests are the same as the values of theoretical calculation. ②Analyzing and calculating the decreasing process of capillary water tension accompanied by soil expansion in silty surface strata on heavy rain condition. ③Using electric analog test and sand model test, the influence of capillary water on the seepage flow state of levees and dams is studied. The capillary water results the increasing of the seepage flow quantity and the height of release point. ④Two new empirical formulae of capillary water head and permeability coefficient of sand and silty soils are presented. The research results can be applied to the engineering of foundation foundation pits, levees and dams with silty soils.