从源控论到源储共生系统——论源岩层系油气地质理论认识及实践

中国非常规油气正实现整体战略发展,源岩层系油气已成为非常规油气增储上产的主要组成部分。基于中国源岩层系油气地质条件和工业实践历程,本文主要取得4项研究认识:(1)源岩层系油气包括源岩油气和致密油气两种类型,纵向分布新生界、白垩系、侏罗系—三叠系、上古生界、下古生界等5个油气聚集域;(2)源岩层系油气地质是研究陆上源岩层系油气资源类型、赋存机理、富集规律、分布特征、产出机制、评价方法、关键技术及发展战略的一门新兴油气地质学科,核心是研究和评价源岩层系油气"甜点区(段)""烃源性、储集性、含油性、流动性、成缝性和经济性""六性关系";(3) 10余年来,中国源岩层系油气研究和生产取得重要进展,致密砂岩气规模发展,致密油稳步发展,页岩气快速发展,页岩油加快探索,煤层气及油页岩油持续发展,2020年中国源岩层系油气产量已占总产量的18%;(4)未来主要攻关方向,建议聚焦解决制约中低压致密油、含水致密砂岩气、中低阶煤层气、陆相及过渡相页岩气、中低熟页岩油等中国陆上源岩层系油气资源规模动用和开发的瓶颈问题,探索创造页岩原位转化和煤炭地下气化两大地下"人工油气藏"颠覆性工程。源岩层系油气将成为"稳油...

From source control theory to source- reservoir symbiosis system: On the theoretical understanding and practice of source rock strata oil and gas geology in China

China’s unconventional oil and gas is realizing the overall strategic development, and hydrocarbons in source rock strata have become the main component of unconventional oil and gas reserves and production. Based on the oil and gas geological conditions and industrial practice of source rock strata in China, this paper mainly obtains four research understandings.(1) The oil and gas in source rock strata includes two types: source rock oil & gas and tight oil & gas, which are vertically distributed in five oil & gas accumulation domains: Cenozoic, Cretaceous, Jurassic-Triassic, Upper Paleozoic and lower Paleozoic.(2) Petroleum geology of source rock strata in China is a new subject of petroleum geology, which studies the types, occurrence mechanism, enrichment law, distribution characteristics, production mechanism, evaluation method, key technology and development strategy of oil and gas resources in China’s onshore source rock strata. Its core is to study and evaluate the "sweet area and sweet section" of oil and gas in source rock strata, including "six property", i.e. source rock property, reservoir property, oil bearing property, fluidity property, fracture forming property and economy property.(3) Over the past 10 years, research and production on China’s hydrocarbons in source rock strata have made important progress, with the large-scale development of tight sandstone gas, steady development of tight oil, rapid development of shale gas, accelerated trial of shale oil, and sustained development of coalbed methane and oil shale oil. In 2020, China’s unconventional source rock strata oil and gas production has accounted for 18% of the total production.(4) In the future, it is suggested to focus on solving the bottleneck problems that restrict the large-scale utilization and development of oil and gas resources in China’s onshore source rock strata, such as medium and low formation pressure tight oil, water bearing tight sandstone gas, medium and low rank coalbed methane, terrestrial and transitional shale gas, and medium and low maturity shale oil, and to explore and create two subversive underground "man-made oil and gas reservoirs" of shale in-situ transformation and coal underground gasification. Hydrocarbons in source rock strata will become the most realistic resource for "stabilizing oil and increasing gas". It is estimated that source rock strata gas is expected to exceed 50% of the total natural gas production in 2030, and source rock strata oil will account for about 10%~15% of the total crude oil production.