船载观测设备计量检定与海上标校试验的现状和发展建议

计量检定和海上标校试验是目前船载观测设备在室内和室外开展测量精度评价的2种常用手段。为进一步推进我国计量检定和海上试验建设发展，文章系统归纳和总结室内计量检定和海上标校试验的原理、特点和工作现状，分析当前各自存在的问题，并提出具体建议。研究结果表明：军、地对于船载观测设备计量检定和海上标校试验的需求越来越迫切，我国虽已基本建成海洋设备计量技术规范体系，并强化海试全过程的质量控制，但仍存在计量标准、评价体系、维修保障和室外检定手段不足，海上试验环境和比测精度不确定以及缺少标准化海上试验设施和平台等问题；计量检定机构应综合分析计量要素的特点、社会效益和难易程度等，研究并制定行之有效的标准规范和保障措施；还应充分发挥海上试验的综合检验评价功能，研究完善比测校准方法，建设标准化的海上试验设施和平台。

Current Status and Development Suggestions of Metrological Verification and Marine Calibration Trial for Onboard Observation Equipment

Metrological verification and marine calibration trial are the 2 main means of measurement accuracy assessment for onboard observation equipment indoor and outdoor.In order to further promote the construction and development of metrological verification and marine trial,this paper systematically summarized the principle,characteristics and work status of indoor metrological verification and marine calibration trial,analyzed the existing problems,and put forward specific suggestions.The research results showed that: the military and local demand for the metrological verification and marine calibration of ship borne observation equipment was more and more urgent.Although China had basically established the technical specification system of marine equipment measurement,and strengthened the quality control of the whole process of marine trial,there were still some problems,such as insufficiencies of standard equipment,evaluation system,maintenance support,outdoor verification means,uncertainty of marine trial environment and comparison precision.This paper put forward that metrological verification institutions should comprehensively analyze the characteristics,social benefits and difficulty of measurement elements,study and formulate effective standards and supporting measures.In addition,we should give full play to the comprehensive inspection and evaluation function of the marine trial,study and improve the comparative test calibration methods,and develop standardized marine trial facilities and platforms.