高精度静态人口空间分布研究——以银川市西夏区为例

地震发生后,人口空间分布密度是决定救援力量部署的重要依据。然而,高精度人口空间分布数据存在获取和更新困难的问题,缺少有效的解决途径。以银川市西夏区为例,基于高空间分辨率遥感影像,通过建筑物解译与实地调查相结合的方式获取住宅建筑物信息,建立人口与住宅建筑物之间的关系模型,得到更客观真实的人口空间分布情况。研究结果表明,以高空间分辨率遥感影像解译住宅建筑物作为人口空间分布指示因子建模,得到的总体预测人口误差率为3.56%,人口平均相对误差率为9.19%,研究结果具有较高的可靠性,为震前灾害风险评估和震后灾情快速评估提供可靠的人口空间分布数据。

Study on High-precision Static Population Spatial Distribution in Xixia District, Yinchuan

After the earthquake, the spatial distribution density of population is an important basis for the deployment of rescue forces. However, it is difficult to obtain and update high-precision population spatial distribution data, and there is a lack of effective ways to solve this problem, which leads to a lack of reliable basis for post-earthquake research. In this paper, taking Xixia District, Yinchuan as an example, based on high spatial resolution remote sensing images, obtaining residential buildings information by combining interpretation of buildings with on-the-spot investigation, the relationship model between the census population data and the building of residential buildings is established, and the more objective and real data of the population spatial distribution is obtained. The results show that the overall prediction error rate is 3.56% and the average relative error rate is 9.19% when the residential buildings are used as the indicator factor of population spatial distribution, which demonstrates the results are reliable and this method can provide reliable data of population spatial distribution for earthquake risk assessment and rapid post-earthquake loss assessment.