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On variations in the fine-structure constant and stellar pollution of quasar absorption systems
Authors:Y Fenner  M T Murphy  B K Gibson
Institution:Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia 3122;Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA
Abstract:At redshifts   z abs? 2  , quasar absorption-line constraints on space–time variations in the fine-structure constant, α, rely on the comparison of Mg  ii and Fe  ii transition wavelengths. One potentially important uncertainty is the relative abundance of Mg isotopes in the absorbers, which, if different from solar, can cause spurious shifts in the measured wavelengths and, therefore, α. Here we explore chemical evolution models with enhanced populations of intermediate-mass (IM) stars, which, in their asymptotic giant branch phase, are thought to be the dominant factories for heavy Mg isotopes at the low metallicities typical of quasar absorption systems. By design, these models partially explain recent Keck/HIRES evidence for a smaller α in   z abs < 2  absorption clouds than on Earth. However, such models also overproduce N, violating observed abundance trends in high- z abs damped Lyman-α (DLA) systems. Our results do not support the recent claim of Ashenfelter et al. that similar models of IM-enhanced initial mass functions (IMFs) may simultaneously explain the HIRES varying-α data and DLA N abundances. We explore the effect of the IM-enhanced model on Si, Al and P abundances, finding it to be much less pronounced than for N. We also show that the 13C/12C ratio, as measured in absorption systems, could constitute a future diagnostic of non-standard models of the high-redshift IMF.
Keywords:nuclear reactions  nucleosynthesis  abundances  stars: AGB and post-AGB  quasars: absorption lines
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