江淮气旋暴雪和海效应暴雪个例的微物理特征对比

利用雨滴谱等多源观测资料，对2023年12月山东江淮气旋暴雪和海效应暴雪的微物理特征进行了对比分析。结果表明：（1）相比于海效应暴雪，江淮气旋暴雪云系云顶高度较高，云顶亮温较低，对流强度较强。（2）江淮气旋暴雪的粒子数浓度高、粒子谱较窄、粒子体积较小、降雪强度较大；海效应暴雪的粒子数浓度低、粒子谱较宽、粒子体积较大、降雪强度较小。（3）江淮气旋暴雪的粒子下落末速度以单峰型为主，海效应暴雪则多为双峰型；江淮气旋暴雪的粒子下落末速度及其谱宽均大于海效应暴雪。（4）江淮气旋暴雪含有较多的霰粒、冰粒、雪花，海效应暴雪则以雪花及其聚合体为主。（5）两次暴雪的等效反射率因子（Z_e）-降雪强度（I_s）关系有较大差异。在降雪强度相同时，海效应暴雪的Z_e更大。

Comparative analysis on microphysical characteristics of Jianghuai cyclone snowstorm and sea-effect snowstorm cases

Using multi-source observation data including raindrop disdrometer data, the microphysical characteristics of the Jianghuai cyclone snowstorm (JHCS) and the sea-effect snowstorm (SES) that affected Shandong in December 2023 are analyzed. The results are shown below. (1) Compared to the SES, the cloud system of the JHCS has a higher cloud top height, a lower cloud top brightness temperature, and stronger convective intensity. (2) The JHCS has higher particle number concentration, narrower particle size distribution, smaller particle diameter, and larger snowfall intensity; the SES has lower particle number concentration, wider particle size distribution, larger particle diameter, and smaller snowfall intensity. (3) The distribution of particle terminal velocity of the JHCS is mainly unimodal, while that of SES is mostly bimodal; the particle terminal velocity and its width of the JHCS are larger than those of SES. (4) The JHCS contains more graupel, ice pellet, and snowflakes, while the SES is mainly composed of snowflakes and their aggregations. (5) There is a significant difference in the Z_e-I_s (namely equivalent reflectivity factor-snowfall intensity) relationship between the two snowstorm cases. When snowfall intensity is the same, the Z_e of SES is larger.