广东的洪涝及其对农业的危害与防御对策

对广东省的洪涝灾害进行了分类，主要从气候的角度揭示洪涝的成因，及其对农业生产的危害。广东的洪涝按水分过多的程度，可分为洪水、涝害和湿害；按季节划发，洪涝分成春季洪涝、春夏洪涝、夏秋洪涝和连阴雨等几种类型。洪涝与湿害的气候指标常用年或某的降雨异常来描述。洪涝和湿害的农业气象指标用水分平均旱涝指标来表示。洪涝灾害的形成与季风活动密切有关。地形对洪涝影响明显，洪涝对农业的危害主要有物理性破坏、生理性损伤、生态性危害。防御洪涝的对策主要有加强防灾减灾的组织管理，改善生态环境，提高天气预报准确率等措施。

FLOOD DISASTERS OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE, THEIR HARM TO AGRICULTURE AND CONTROL

The flood disasters in Guangdong are classified, and their harm to agriculture are revealed. According to the water amount, they can be divided into floodwater, water logging and humidity disasters. According to different seasons, they can be divided into those of spring floods, spring summer floods, summer autumn floods and continuous rains. The climatic index of floods and water loggings are usually the abnormal rainfall of a year or a certain period. Water balance drought flood index is used as the agricultural meteorological index of flood and humidity harm. Floods are closely related to monsoon activities, and are obviously influenced by landform. Floods do harm to agricultural crops in physical, biological and ecological ways. For control of the disasters the management of disaster reduction, the ecological surroundings and the accuracy of weather forecast, etc., should be improved.