从全球对比探讨华北克拉通早期地质演化与板块构造过程

板块构造理论为 2 0世纪取得的重大科学成就。如何在新世纪发展板块构造、推动大陆动力学研究成为新的挑战。世界古大陆前寒武纪地质研究在花岗岩绿岩带、高级变质区 ,新太古代造山作用 ,早期大洋地质记录与古板块构造 ,以及超级大陆等方面取得新进展。在此全球构造背景下 ,华北早期地质演化的相关重大问题包括 :新太古代典型造山带地质演化、碰撞过程及其盆山耦合作用。围绕新太古代蛇绿岩的研究 ,特别是豆荚状铬铁矿及地幔岩 ,将提供早期大洋岩石圈性质、扩张运移过程的重要线索 ,并提出早期板块边界划分标志及其洋陆作用过程。华北中部造山带及蛇绿岩混杂带的洲际对比 ,对认识华北与最古老超级大陆聚合过程具有重要意义

Neoarchean plate tectonic evolution of North China and its correlation with global cratonic blocks

The plate tectonic theory represents a major scientific achievement in the twentieth century. The main question in the new century is how to develop the theory to advance the study of geodynamics. In this paper, we attempt to briefly review the research progress on granite-greenstone terrains, high-grade gneiss terrains, Archean oceanic relicts, orogeny, plate tectonics, and supercontinents. By considering this global research, the outstanding problems in understanding the early geological evolution of North China craton may be summarized as follows: tectonics of Neoarchean orogenic belts, collisional process and coupling of basin and range. Through research on Neoarchean ophiolite complexes, especially podiform chromites and pyrolites, it is now possible to document the oceanic lithosphere, oceanic spreading, and convective processes. Accordingly, the Neoarchean plate boundaries and interaction between oceanic and continent plates can be studied. Furthermore, understanding the correlations of central orogenic belt of North China with other continents may be helpful to recognize the assembly of North China craton with early supercontinent or supercraton.