透射电子显微镜在关键矿产成因机制研究中的应用进展

关键矿产的元素赋存形式对矿产超常富集机制和资源综合利用有着至关重要的作用。然而，关键矿产的元素赋存形式大多以细小矿物、吸附或类质同象的方式存在，不易于直接观察分析，在一定程度上增加了对其进一步认识和综合利用的难度，而透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscopy,TEM)可以在微纳米尺度上从结构和成分方面提供有效的解决途径。文章扼要地介绍了TEM的基本原理、工作模式、样品制备的方法及工作流程，并根据国内关键矿产的类型与元素赋存形式综述了TEM在关键性稀有金属、稀土金属、稀散金属、稀贵金属、能源金属以及黑色和有色金属等6类矿产中成因机制研究的应用进展情况，指出了限制TEM广泛应用的瓶颈问题，并提出了几点浅显的意见和建议。

Review on the research progress of genesis mechanisms in critical mineral resources by using Transmission Electron Microscopy

The form of element occurrence in critical mineral resources plays a crucial role in the mechanism of mineral super-enrichment and the comprehensive utilization of resources. However, the element occurrence in critical mineral resources is mostly in the form of adsorption, isomorphism, and small mineral grains, which is not easily observed and analyzed directly, thereby increases the difficulty in further understanding and comprehensive utilization. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) can provide an effective solution at the micro- and nano-scale for structural and compositional analysis. This paper briefly introduces the basic principles, working mode, sample preparation methods and workflow of TEM, and then summarizes the application of TEM in the study of the genetic mechanisms of six types of critical mineral resources, including rare metals, rare earth metals, scattered metals, rare valuable metals, energy metals (uranium), and traditional metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), based on the types and forms of element occurrence in domestic minerals. The bottleneck problems that restrict the widespread application of TEM are pointed out, and several simple suggestions are proposed.