温度对凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、变态和存活率的影响

通过不同水温的比较实验,研究了凡纳滨对虾人工育苗的适宜水温,旨在了解33℃及其以上水温对凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、变态和存活率可能造成的不良影响.实验结果表明,在29、31、33、35℃这4种温度实验组中,33℃组幼体的生长最快.Z1—P15期幼体的存活率以31℃组的最高（为29.8%）,其次是33℃组（为20.9%）,35℃组的最低（为4.7%）.实验过程中31℃组幼体的活力状态最佳、最稳定.因此,31℃左右是凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、发育的适宜水温.考虑到33℃组幼体的总存活率虽然低于31℃组,但其具有生长较快的优势,因此可认为目前凡纳滨对虾人工育苗普遍采用的31～32℃水温是合适的.

Effect of temperature on the growth, development and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae

The artificial breeding of L.vannamei at different temperatures and the favorable temperature for its breeding were evaluated.The results revealed that breeding temperatures of 33℃ had a possible harmful effect on the growth and survival rates of L.vannamei larvae.The results showed that larval growth at 33℃ was faster than at 29℃,31℃ and 35℃.The highest survival rate of larvae from the larval stage of Z1 to P15 was 29.8% at 31℃,followed by 33℃(20.9%),29℃(14.6%) and 35℃(4.7%).During the experiment,larvae grown at 31℃ kept the best state and were the most stable.Therefore,the optimum temperature for growing and developing L.vannamei larvae was approximately 31℃.Although the survival rate of the 33℃ group was lower than that of the 31℃ group,but the 33℃ had shown the optimal growth rate,it was concluded that temperatures from 31℃ to 32℃ in practical artificial breeding are appropriate.