城镇库区水资源面源污染机制及保护对策研究

城镇水库农业面源污染是中国许多地区水库富营养化的主要源头。针对水库面源污染,采用SWAT模型进行了昆明松华坝水库的污染模拟分析,根据松华坝水库区内的地形、土地利用、土壤、气象、耕种施肥方式运用SWAT模型对松华坝水库的其农业面源污染N、P富营养化问题进行了模拟。模拟结果能够很好与观测实测值吻合,说明模拟具有较好的精度。结果表明,N、P的空间分布主要集中在松华坝水库的支流冷水河与牧羊河河岸沿线的农业区。根据此分布以及区内的农业特点提出了相应的水资源保护措施。

NON-POINT POLLUTION OF CITY WATER RESOURCE SWAT MODEL AND ITS PROTECTION MEASUREMENT

Non-point pollution of agriculture activity is a major source of eutrophication for the city reserviors. Songhuaba reservoir is located in the north side of Kunming City, which provide most of good quality water for the city＇s daily life water supplying. However, the reservoir is lightly polluted by the non-point agriculture of the basin. And SWAT model is used to simulate the pollution of agriculture pollution. According to Songhuaba Reservoir area＇s topography, land use, soil, weather, farming and fertilization, the agricultural pollution of N, P nutrients were simulated by using SWAT model to analyze the pollution of the Kunming City drinking water eutrophication problem. The simulation results can match well with the observed measured values, which shows good simulation accuracy. The results show that, N, P of the spatial distribution concentrated in a tributary of Songhua Dam reservoir of Lengshui River and Muyang River, along the banks of the main River agricultural area. According to the distribution and characteristics of the area, proposed agricultural water conservation measures are put forth ward.