缓慢复活型滑坡滑带土的蠕变性质与特征强度试验研究

锁儿头滑坡是甘肃省舟曲县城附近、体积约72.85×106 m3的一个巨型老滑坡。20世纪70年代末滑坡开始复活,至今一直处于缓慢活动之中,显示滑坡活动具有典型的蠕动特点。滑带力学特性是控制滑坡活动机制的关键因素之一,为了弄清该滑坡滑带物质的蠕变性质以及控制滑坡活动的强度指标,通过滑带土残余状态下的直剪蠕变试验,研究了滑坡滑带土的蠕变特性,比较了滑带长期强度和残余强度的关系。研究发现,滑带土蠕变特性与应力状态相关,滑带进入加速蠕变的临界剪应力和剪切速率均与正应力线性正相关。该滑坡应力状态指示其已具备进入加速蠕变的条件。残余状态下该滑坡滑带土的长期与残余强度基本等价,前者略大于后者,且增大量值与正应力有负相关关系。

Creep behavior of slip zone of reactivated slow-moving landslide and its characteristic strength

The Suoertou landslide, a giant old landslide with a volume of 72.85×106 m3 in Zhouqu county, Gansu province of China, has been reactivated with a small rate since 1970’s. The slow-moving character indicates the typical rheological behavior of the landslide. It is well known that mechanical characteristic of slip zone plays an important role in landslide activities. In order to clarify the creep behavior of slip zone and the relationship between long-term strength and residual strength, a series of directed creep shear tests under residual state is employed. It is found that the creep behavior of residual slip zone is strongly dependent on normal and shear stress, with two critical shear stresses and two critical initial strain rates. Moreover, it can be found that the critical shear stress and strain rate, when the creep develops into accelerated stage, have a linear relationship with normal stress separately. Based on the linear relationship between critical shear stress and normal stress, it can be speculated that the shear stress condition of the Suoertou landslide has been in accelerated creep state already. Meanwhile, the relationship between long-term strength and residual strength is analyzed and compared. It is found that long-term strength of the landslide’s slip zone is slightly greater than its residual strength, and the magnitude of their difference is negatively correlated with normal stress.